Neighbourhood system
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In topology and related areas of mathematics, the neighbourhood system or neighbourhood filter 
for a point x is the collection of all neighbourhoods for the point x.
A neighbourhood basis or local basis for a point x is a filter base of the neighbourhood filter, i.e. a subset
such that
.
That is for any neighbourhood V we can find a neighbourhood B in the neighbourhood basis which is contained in V.
Conversely, as with any filter base, the local basis allows to get back the corresponding neighbourhood filter as 
.
[edit] Examples
- Trivially the neighbourhood system for a point is also a neighbourhood basis for the point.
- Given a space X with the indiscrete topology the neighbourhood system for any point x is the whole space,
- In a metric space, for any point x, the sequence of open balls around x with radius 1/n form a countable neighbourhood basis
. This means every metric space is first-countable.
[edit] Properties
In a semi normed space, that is a vector space with the topology induced by a semi norm, all neighbourhood systems can be constructed by translation of the neighbourhood system for the point 0,
This is because, by assumption, vector addition is separate continuous in the induced topology. Therefore the topology is determined by its neighbourhood system at the origin. More generally, this remains true whenever the topology is defined by a translation invariant metric or pseudometric.
Every neighbourhood system for a non empty set A is a filter called the neighbourhood filter for A.
The union of local bases for all points x are a base for the topology.
