Neocolonial Dependence
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This is an indirect outgrowth of Marxist thinking which is a subgroup of development economics. People who believe in this theory are more radical than the people who belong to the other two sub-groups. According to this doctrine, third world underdevelopment is viewed as the result of highly unequal international capitalist system or rich country-poor country relationships. It is viewed that the rich countries through their intentionally exploitative or unintentionally neglectful policies hurt the developing countries. The rich countries and a small elite ruling class in the developing countries, who serve as the agent of the rich countries, are responsible for the perpetuation of underdevelopment in the developing countries. Unlike the Stage Theories or the Structural Change Models, which considered underdevelopment as a result of internal constraints such as insufficient savings, investment or lack of infrastructure, skill or education, the proponents of the Neocolonial Dependence model saw underdevelopment as an externally induced phenomenon. The remedy, according to those who preached these ideas, was to initiate revolutionary struggles to topple the existing elite of the developing countries and the restructuring of the world capitalist system to free the third world nations from the direct and indirect control of their first world and domestic oppressors.
