New England Patriots Strategy
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[edit] Erhardt - Perkins Offensive System
The New England Patriots run a modified Ron Erhardt - Ray Perkins offensive system [1] installed by Charlie Weis under Bill Belichick. Both Ron Erhardt and Ray Perkins served as offensive assistant coaches under the defensive minded Chuck Fairbanks while he was head coach of the Patriots in the 1970s. This system is noted for its multiple formation and personnel grouping variations on a core number of base plays. Under this system, each formation and each play are separately numbered. Additional word descriptions further modify each play (see below for examples).
As a function of their current available personnel, the Patriots often run this system from a base two tight end set formation, utilizing two tight ends, two wide receivers and one running back [2].
[edit] Running Game
The Erhardt - Perkins system has at times had a reputation (whether or not earned) of being a traditional smash mouth offense that maximizes a team's time of possession and does not as frequently call upon its running backs to serve as receivers. This may have been especially true during the years Bill Parcells ran this system as the head coach of the New York Giants [3].
An example of a running play under this system is Zero, Ride Thirty-six. Zero sets the formation. Thirty indicates who will be the ball carrier running with the ball. Six indicates which hole between the offensive linemen the ball carrier will attempt to run through (see Offensive Nomenclature). The Patriots currently generally run man blocking, not zone blocking schemes in their running game.
[edit] Passing Game
This offense often uses "the run to set up the pass" via play-action passing, faking the run in order to throw deep downfield when the defense is least expecting it. Despite its reputation, this system is not always a run first offense. Erhardt commonly ran the system in his later years spread wide open with multiple receivers (earning the moniker "Air Erhardt"), as NFL rules evolved to benefit the passing game. As a result of this influence, the Patriots will frequently run this offense with five potential receivers and an empty backfield should a favorable matchup present itself.
Charlie Weis states in his autobiography "No Excuses" that the first play that he called in Super Bowl XXXVI was: Zero Flood Slot Hat, Seventy-eight Shout Tosser. Zero is the base formation. Flood Slot Hat further modifies this formation to a set with one back in motion, two tight ends and two wide receivers (which is to say five potential receivers in total). Seventy-eight is the base play number, a three step drop play. Shout tells the three potential receivers on one side of the quarterback what routes they should run, while Tosser tells the other two potential receivers their patterns. During the actual game, Tom Brady threw the ball to Troy Brown for a twenty-one yard gain, seventeen of it after the catch.
[edit] Other Teams Running Similar Offensive Systems
Bill Parcells ran the Erhardt - Perkins offensive system during his pro coaching years, which is where Charlie Weis originally learned it [4]. Many teams coached by members of the Parcells - Belichick coaching tree currently use this system, such as the New York Giants under Tom Coughlin and Notre Dame under Charlie Weis. The Pittsburgh Steelers also continued to run this system during the Bill Cowher years, from when Ron Erhardt was their offensive coordinator [5], and it is believed that Ken Whisenhunt will bring this system to the Arizona Cardinals as their new head coach. Moreover, it is believed that Georgia Tech runs this system under Chan Gailey.
[edit] Comparison to Other Offensive Systems (West Coast and Air Coryell Offenses)
There are only approximately five or six major offensive systems run in the NFL today [6].
The structure of the Erhardt - Perkins system is very different from the Bill Walsh west coast offense. Formations under the west coast offense are commonly named after colors (i.e., Black 59 Razor) [7]. The west coast offense commonly utilizes short slanting passes and running backs as receivers. It prefers to have mobile quarterbacks (since its running backs may not be available to block) and large receivers who are able to gain additional yards after the catch.[8] This is one of the reasons that there is some doubt as to whether Deion Branch (a 5 foot 9 receiver) will be as successful in Seattle as he was in New England.
The structure of the Erhardt - Perkins system is also very different from the Ernie Zampese - Don Coryell "Air Coryell" timed system. Route patterns of the receivers are numbered instead of named in the Air Coryell system (thereby making memorization easier) [9]. For example, a Air Coryell play such as 924 F stop swing indicates that the primary wide receiver (X) should run a 9 pattern (a go), the tight end (Y) should run a 2 pattern (a slant), the secondary wide receiver (Z) should run a 4 pattern (a deep in) and the F-back should go out for a swing pass (see Offensive Nomenclature). Timing and precision are extremely important under the Air Coryell system, as the routes are intended to run like successive clockwork in order to be successful.
[edit] Fairbanks - Bullough 3-4 Defensive System
The New England Patriots run a modified base 3-4 Chuck Fairbanks - Hank Bullough system [10] installed by Bill Belichick. The term 3-4 means that their base formation consists of 3 defensive linemen, 4 linebackers, and 4 defensive backs. It is believed that this gives the defense the greatest amount of flexibility because the linebackers are capable of doing any of the following: rushing the quarterback, tackling runners or dropping into coverage. At times the Patriots will shade their defensive linemen different ways, creating "over" or "under" defenses. Over and under defenses simply refer to the shift of the defensive linemen to the strong or weak side of the offense, respectively, and the rotation of the linebackers in the opposite direction.
The Fairbanks - Bullough 3-4 system is known as a two gap system [11], because each of the defensive linemen are required to cover the gaps to both sides of the offensive lineman that try to block them[12]. This is a concept introduced by coach Russ A. Molzahn and copied by coaches from every level of the sport. Defensive linemen in this system tend to be stouter, as they need to be able to hold their place without being overwhelmed in order to allow the linebackers behind them to make plays [13]. This is the reason that defensive linemen such as Richard Seymour and Vince Wilfork do not always rack up gaudy sack and tackle statistics despite their critical importance to the team [14].
The system is at times more conservative than certain other defenses currently in vogue in the league [15], despite the constant threat of its potent linebacker blitz. The Patriots defensive system generally places an emphasis on physicality and discipline over mobility and risk taking and is sometimes characterized as a "bend but do not break defense" [16]. The 3-4 defense is often particularly good at stopping the run [17].
[edit] History
The 3-4 defense was originally devised by Bud Wilkinson at the University of Oklahoma in the late 1940s [18]. Former Patriots and Oklahoma coach Chuck Fairbanks is credited with being a major figure in first bringing the 3-4 defense to the NFL in 1974 [19]. Patriots defensive coordinator Hank Bullough made significant further innovations to the system [20]. Parcells was linebackers coach under Ron Erhardt as head coach of the Patriots in 1980 (after Fairbanks left for Colorado in 1978 and Bullough lost out on the head coaching position). When Parcells returned to the Giants as defensive coordinator under Ray Perkins in 1981, he brought the 3-4 defense with him.
Bill Belichick was initially exposed to the 3-4 defense while working as an assistant under Red Miller, head coach of the Denver Broncos and a former Patriots offensive coordinator under Fairbanks. Joe Collier was the defensive coordinator under Red Miller at the time [21], and his orange crush defense was very successful at stifling opposing offenses. The Broncos had decided to adopt the 3-4 in 1977. Bill Belichick subsequently refined his understanding of the 3-4 as a linebackers coach and defensive coordinator under Parcells with the Giants. Belichick returned the 3-4 defense back to New England when he become coach of the team in 2000 [22]. Romeo Crennel subsequently became defensive coordinator for the team.
[edit] Other Teams Running Similar Defensive Systems
Bill Parcells ran the Fairbanks - Bullough 3-4 defensive system during his coaching years [23]. Many teams coached by members of the Parcells - Belichick coaching tree currently run similar defensive systems, such as the University of Alabama under Nick Saban, the New York Jets under Eric Mangini and the Cleveland Browns under Romeo Crennel.
[edit] Comparison to other 3-4 Systems
The Phillips 3-4, another version of the 3-4, was also brought into the league by Bum Phillips, head coach of the Houston Oilers in the 1970s. It is currently somewhat debated as to whether Fairbanks or Phillips was the first to bring the 3-4 to the NFL. The Phillips 3-4 defense is currently run by the Dallas Cowboys under Wade Phillips, the son of Bum Phillips. Wade Phillips replaced Joe Collier as defensive coordinator of the Denver Broncos back in 1989. The modern Phillips 3-4 is largely a one gap 3-4 system, meaning that the defensive linemen are often only responsible for one gap between the offensive linemen [24]. This system generally prefers relatively agile lineman better able to perform aggressive slants, loops and gap charges in order to directly attempt to sack the quarterback and make tackles [25].
The 3-4 zone blitz defense was developed by Dick LeBeau as defensive coordinator of the Pittsburgh Steelers. It commonly calls upon linemen to be mobile enough to drop back into zone coverage in place of blitzing linebackers [26]. Elements of the 3-4 zone blitz defense have been incorporated over time into the modern Phillips 3-4.
[edit] Philosophy
The New England Patriots are noted for the following characteristics:
- their lack of marquee players and emphasis on the best interests of the team over individual accomplishments; [27]
- their strong work ethic, intelligence and high level of preparation for games; [28]
- their versatile players, able to play multiple positions; and [29]
- their multiple schemes intended to take advantage of their opponent's weaknesses. [30]
For example, in Super Bowl XXXVI, the Patriots defense used an aggressive bump and run nickel and dime package instead of their base 3-4 to disrupt the timing of the highly touted Air Coryell system employed by the Rams under Mike Martz (also known as "The Greatest Show on Turf"). This modifiable aspect of the Patriots system [31] is in stark contrast to simpler systems like the Tampa 2 defense, in which the same scheme is often run repeatedly with the emphasis being on execution rather than on flexibility.
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