Oriundo

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The term oriundo (plural oriundi) is an Italian adjective describing an immigrant of native ancestry. It is originally Spanish for "originally from". It is most likely to be used to indicate a sportsman born in Latin America, whose ancestors emigrated from Italy, and who then immigrates "back" to Italy. Immigrants not of Italian extraction are not considered as oriundi, even if naturalized as citizens. Native Italians who happen to be born abroad are not oriundi either. The term is also used in a similar sense in Spain.

Some oriundi have played for the Italian or Spanish national football teams in international competition; among these are some who had previously represented their native country. FIFA requires international footballers to have either citizenship of a country or close ancestral ties to it. Oriundi may qualify under the latter heading; in addition, they can acquire citizenship more easily than immigrants not of native extraction, owing to jus sanguinis. When the Italian and Spanish Leagues imposed quotas or bans on "foreign" players, oriundi were partially or totally exempt from these.

Tours by European club sides of Latin America were common from the 1920s to the 1950s; tours in the reverse direction also occurred. European managers often recruited Latin Americans they had seen playing on these tours. The recruitment of dual internationals was greatly reduced by FIFA which ruled in 1964 that a player could not represent more than one country^[1]. In the 1960s, with incidents like the Battle of Santiago in 1962 and several finals of the Intercontinental Cup, South American football came to be seen as more violent and defensive, and hence fewer players weere recruited^[2]. The separate status of the oriundi in club football had ended by the time the Bosman ruling led to the ending of all restrictions on foreign players.

Contents 1 Italian oriundi 1.1 List of Italian football oriundi 1.2 Italian Rugby oriundi 2 Spanish oriundi 3 See also 4 External links 5 References

[edit] Italian oriundi

The Latin Americans who "returned" to Italy in the 1920s and 30s were known as rimpatriati ("repatriated people"). In Fascist Italy they automatically had dual citizenship and had no need to undergo naturalization^[3]. Vittorio Pozzo, manager of the national team, selected several for the victorious 1934 World Cup side. He rebutted critics of this policy by saying "if they can die for Italy, they can play for Italy", ^[4], a reference to conscription. Doubts about national loyalty resurfaced when De Maria returned to Argentina to complete his military service there, and more so when Guaita, Scopelli and Stagnaro tried to leave for France to avoid being called up for the Abyssinian campaign in 1936^[5].

Oriundi as a term in Italian football dates from the early 1950s. The category existed separately from native and foreign players at intervals until the 1970s^[6]. Sivori, Maschio, and Angelillo, the three stars of the Argentina team that won the 1957 Copa América were signed by Italian clubs and given citizenship, thereby missing Argentina's disappointing showing at the 1958 World Cup^[7].

In 1966, all foreigners were banned from the Italian League. Their presence was blamed for the contued underperfomance of the national side, culminating at the humiliating defeat by North Korea at that year's World Cup^[8]. The ban was eased when one foreigner per Serie A team was allowed from 1980^[9].

Currently, the most famous Italian oriundo is the Juventus' Argentinian footballer Mauro Camoranesi, who granted Italian citizenship via his grandfather from Marche. Mauro won the 2006 FIFA World Cup with the azzurri.

[edit] List of Italian football oriundi

Player	Original country/countries	Senior team		Under 23[10]		Under 21[11]
		Matches	Goals	Matches	Goals	Matches	Goals
Ermanno Aebi	Switzerland	2	3	0	0	0	0
José Altafini	Brazil	6	5	0	0	2	3
Michele Andreolo	Uruguay	26	1	0	0	0	0
Antonio Valentín Angelillo	Argentina	2	1	0	0	1	0
Mauro Camoranesi	Argentina	28	3	0	0	0	0
Renato Cesarini	Argentina	11	3	0	0	0	0
Arturo Chini Ludueña	Argentina	0	0	6	4	0	0
Dino da Costa	Brazil	1	1	1	0	0	0
Alessandro de Maria	Brazil	0	0	2	3	0	0
Hernán Paolo Dellafiore	Argentina	0	0	0	0	1	0
Attilio Demaria	Argentina	13	3	4	4	0	0
Alfredo Devincenzi	Argentina	0	0	1	0	0	0
Riccardo Faccio	Uruguay	5	0	2	0	0	0
Ottavio Fantoni	Brazil	1	0	0	0	0	0
Francesco Fedullo	Uruguay	2	3	4	3	0	0
Emanuele Figliola	Uruguay	0	0	3	1	0	0
Eddie Firmani	South Africa /  England	3	2	1	0	0	0
Enrico Flamini	Argentina	0	0	1	0	0	0
Francesco Frione	Uruguay	0	0	4	1	0	0
Elisio Gabardo	Brazil	0	0	1	0	0	0
Alcide Ghiggia	Uruguay	5	1	0	0	0	0
Enrique Guaita	Argentina	10	5	1	2	0	0
Anfilogino Guarisi	Brazil	6	1	2	1	0	0
Paolo Innocenti	Brazil	0	0	4	0	0	0
Julio Libonatti	Argentina	17	15	0	0	0	0
Francisco Lojacono	Argentina	8	5	2	0	0	0
Rinaldo Martino	Argentina	1	0	0	0	0	0
Ernesto Mascheroni	Uruguay	2	0	0	0	0	0
Humberto Maschio	Argentina	2	0	1	0	0	0
Luisito Monti	Argentina	18	1	0	0	0	0
Giovanni Moscardini	Scotland	9	7	0	0	0	0
Miguel Montuori	Argentina /  Chile	12	2	0	0	0	0
Raimondo Orsi	Argentina	35	13	0	0	0	0
Bruno Pesaola	Argentina	1	0	6	0	0	0
Roberto Porta	Uruguay	1	0	1	0	0	0
Ettore Puricelli	Uruguay /  Argentina	1	1	0	0	0	0
Eduardo Ricagni	Argentina	3	2	0	0	0	0
Humberto Rosa	Argentina	0	0	1	0	0	0
Giuseppe Rossi	United States	0	0	0	0	2	0
Attila Sallustro	Paraguay	2	1	2	1	0	0
Raffaele Sansone	Uruguay	3	0	3	0	0	0
Juan Alberto Schiaffino	Uruguay	4	0	0	0	0	0
Alessandro Scopelli	Argentina	1	0	0	0	0	0
Pietro Sernagiotto	Brazil	0	0	1	0	0	0
Omar Sivori	Argentina	9	8	0	0	0	0
Angelo Benedicto Sormani	Brazil	7	2	1	1	0	0
Ulisse Uslenghi	Uruguay /  Argentina	0	0	1	0	0	0

[edit] Italian Rugby oriundi

The number of Argentinians playing rugby in Italy has increased since Italy embraced professionalism in 1995, while Argentinian rugby remains amateur. (However, professionals are eligible to play for the Argentina national team.) Italian rugby also allows naturalized foreigners. Restrictions on changing nationality are less strict in rugby than in soccer, and three years' residency qualifies. Oriundi capped by the Italy national rugby union team include:

Name	Original country/countries
Matias Aguero	Argentina
David Bortolussi	France
Gonzalo Canale	Argentina
Pablo Canavosio	Argentina
Martin Castrogiovanni	Argentina
Oscar Collodo	Switzerland
Santiago Dellapè	Argentina
Diego Dominguez	Argentina
Mark Giacheri	Australia
Ramiro Martinez-Frugoni	Argentina
Alessandro Moreno	Argentina
Carlos Nieto	Argentina
Luciano Orquera	Argentina
Sergio Parisse	Argentina
Aaron Persico	New Zealand
Ramiro Pez	Argentina
Matt Pini	Australia
Federico Pucciariello	Argentina
Josh Sole[12]	New Zealand
Marko Stanojevic[13]	England /  Serbia
Laurent Travini	France
Nick Zisti	Australia

[edit] Spanish oriundi

Few South Americans played football in Spain before World War II^[14]. Spain under General Franco allowed for dual nationality with Latin American countries from 1954^[15]. Players such as Alfredo Di Stéfano and Héctor Rial quickly transferred, and helped make Real Madrid the dominant club of the early years of the European Cup. In 1962, the Spanish League banned all foreign players, as their presence was blamed for the poor performance of the national team^[16]. Oriundi were allowed if they had not been capped by their native country. As a result, clubs were anxious to prove Spanish ancestry for would-be imports, resulting in some dubious cases. Some players obtained forged birth certificates, providing spurious Spanish ancestors. This was easy in Paraguay during the corrupt dicatorship of Alfredo Stroessner^[17]. Consequent scandals emerged at various times, including one exposed by FC Barcelona in 1972. In 1973, to reduce the incentive for corruption, up to two non-oriundi foreigners were allowed per team. Nevertheless, the recruiting of Latin American players continued so strong the Argentine FA in preparation for hosing the 1978 World Cup forbade its preliminary squad of 40 from moving abroad, lest they be "poached"^[18]. Spain reduced the number of oriundi to one per team after another forgery scandal in 1979^[19] From 1979 to 1982, no Argentines were allowed abroad, and many like Mario Kempes returned home^[20].

[edit] See also

• List of nationality transfers in football

[edit] External links

• Oriundi: Games, goals, captains from Forza Azzurri fansite.

[edit] References

• Taylor, Matthew (2001-06-01). Moving With the Ball: the migration of professional footballers. Oxford: Berg. ISBN 978-1-85973-307-3. 

1. ^ Taylor, pg 97.
2. ^ Taylor, pg 97.
3. ^ Taylor, pg 76.
4. ^ Brian Glanville (2004-07-05). Luck or judgment? Managerial choices at Euro 2004 raise eyebrows. Sports Illustrated/CNN. Retrieved on 2006-11-05. “"If they can die for Italy then can play for Italy!" thundered Italy's commanding chief Vittorio Pozzo.”
5. ^ Martin, Simon (2004-12-10). Football and Fascism: The National Game Under Mussolini. Oxford: Berg, 196. ISBN 978-1-85973-705-7. 
6. ^ Taylor, pg 91.
7. ^ Taylor, pg 93
8. ^ Taylor, pg 96.
9. ^ Taylor, pg 101.
10. ^ From 1982-90 the U23 team was called Sperimentale and served as the Olympic team.
11. ^ The U21 team has been the Olympic team since 1990
12. ^ Italy squad: Josh Sole (Viadana). RBS6Nations. Retrieved on 2006-11-05. “Although Sole's family is Italian, he was born in Hamilton, New Zealand”
13. ^ Jonathan McConnell (2006-10-26). Stanojevic in line to face Wallabies. Guinness Premiership. Retrieved on 2006-11-06. “Marko Stanojevic .. made his debut against Portugal ... then went on to earn his second cap against Russia.”
    "Mr Bow Jangles" (2003-10-17). THE BOW FILES: MARKO STANOJEVIC. Sport Network. Retrieved on 2006-11-06. “Place of Birth: Birmingham...Dad: Milan (Yugoslavian)...Mum: Bruna (Italian)”
14. ^ Taylor, pg 87.
15. ^ Taylor, pg 91.
16. ^ Taylor, pg 96.
17. ^ Taylor, pg 98.
18. ^ Taylor, pg 99
19. ^ Taylor, pg 101.
20. ^ Taylor, pg 101.