Orthogastropoda

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Orthogastropoda

Geography Cone (Conus geographus)

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Orthogastropoda

Taxonomy

See Text

In their work, which has become a standard reference in the field, Ponder and Lindberg (1997) showed that the Orthogastropoda is one of two subclasses of the Gastropoda the class of molluscs, the other subclass being the Eogastropoda.

This subclass, which one could call the true snails, is defined most briefly as all those gastropods which are not members of Patellogastropoda, the true limpets, or its ancestors. They form a clade, supported by unambiguous synapomorphies. These synapomorphies (a series of characteristics that appear in its members but not in the other forms it diverged from) are the identifying characteristics of the clade.

Some of the characterisitics are:

eyes with a vitreous body on eyestalks.
paired jaws, with their position free from the buccal mass
a single kidney on the right side of pericardium
a flexoglossate radula (with a flexible radular membrane). The radula is the snail's tongue, used as a rasping tool.
unpaired osphradium (olfactory organ).
lateral ciliated zones of osphradium
a single left hypobranchial gland (on organ at gill, which releases secretions, such as the reddish dye Tyrian purple).
an unpaired ctenidium (a comblike respiratory structure in certain mollusks)

[edit] Taxonomy

This taxonomy is still under revision.

Superorder Cocculiniformia Haszprunar, 1987
- Superfamily Cocculinoidea Dall, 1882
- Superfamily Lepetelloidea Dall, 1882 (deep sea limpets)
Superorder "Hot Vent Taxa" Ponder & Lindberg, 1997 (position uncertain)
- Order Neomphaloida Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1983
  - Superfamily Neomphaloidea McLean, 1981 (hydrothermal vents limpets)
  - Superfamily Peltospiroidea McLean, 1989
Superorder Vetigastropoda Salvini-Plawen, 1989 (limpets)
- Superfamily Fissurelloidea Flemming, 1822 (keyhole limpets)
- Superfamily Haliotoidea Rafinesque, 1815 (abalones)
- Superfamily Lepetodriloidea McLean, 1988 (hydrothermal vents limpets)
- Superfamily Pleurotomarioidea Swainson, 1840 (slit shells)
- Superfamily Seguenzioidea Verrill, 1884
- Superfamily Trochoidea Rafinesque, 1815 (top shells)
Superorder Neritaemorphi Koken, 1896
- Order Neritopsina Cox & Knight, 1960
  - Superfamily Neritoidea Lamarck, 1809
Superorder Caenogastropoda Cox, 1960
- Order Architaenioglossa Haller, 1890
  - Superfamily Ampullarioidea J.E. Gray, 1824
  - Superfamily Cyclophoroidea J.E. Gray, 1847 (terrestrial)
- Order Sorbeoconcha Ponder & Lindberg, 1997
  - Infraorder Littorinimorpha Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975
    - Superfamily Calyptraeoidea Lamarck, 1809
    - Superfamily Capuloidea J. Fleming, 1822
    - Superfamily Carinarioidea Blainville, 1818
    - Superfamily Cingulopsoidea Fretter & Patil, 1958
    - Superfamily Cypraeoidea Rafinesque, 1815 (cowries)
    - Superfamily Ficoidea Meek, 1864
    - Superfamily Laubierinoidea Warén & Bouchet, 1990
    - Superfamily Littorinoidea (Children), 1834 (periwinkles)
    - Superfamily Naticoidea Forbes, 1838 (moon shells)
    - Superfamily Rissooidea J.E. Gray, 1847 (Risso shells)
    - Superfamily Stromboidea Rafinesque, 1815 (true conchs)
    - Superfamily Tonnoidea Suter, 1913
    - Superfamily Trivioidea Troschel, 1863
    - Superfamily Vanikoroidea J.E. Gray, 1840
    - Superfamily Velutinoidea J.E. Gray, 1840
    - Superfamily Vermetoidea Rafinesque, 1815 (worm shells)
    - Superfamily Xenophoroidea Troschel, 1852 (carrier shells)
  - Infraorder Neogastropoda Thiele, 1929
    - Superfamily Buccinoidea (whelks, false tritions)
    - Superfamily Cancellarioidea Forbes & Hanley, 1851
    - Superfamily Conoidea Rafinesque, 1815
    - Superfamily Muricoidea Rafinesque, 1815
  - Infraorder Ptenoglossa J.E. Gray, 1853
    - Superfamily Eulimoidea Philippi, 1853
    - Superfamily Janthinoidea Lamarck, 1812
    - Superfamily Triphoroidea J.E. Gray, 1847
  - Suborder Discopoda P. Fischer, 1884
    - Superfamily Campaniloidea Douvillé, 1904
    - Superfamily Cerithioidea Férussac, 1822
  - Suborder Hypsogastropoda Ponder & Lindberg, 1997
  - Suborder Murchisoniina Cox & Knight, 1960
    - Superfamilie Loxonematoidea Koken, 1889
Superorder Heterobranchia J.E. Gray, 1840
- Order Heterostropha P. Fischer, 1885
  - Superfamily Architectonicoidea J.E. Gray, 1840
  - Superfamily Omalogyroidea G.O. Sars, 1878
  - Superfamily Pyramidelloidea J.E. Gray, 1840
  - Superfamily Rissoelloidea J.E. Gray, 1850
  - Superfamily Valvatoidea J.E. Gray, 1840
- Order Opisthobranchia Milne-Edwards, 1848
  - Infraorder Anthobranchia Férussac, 1819
    - Superfamily Doridoidea Rafinesque, 1815
    - Superfamily Doridoxoidea Bergh, 1900
    - Superfamily Onchidoridoidea Alder & Hancock, 1845
    - Superfamily Polyceroidea Alder & Hancock, 1845
  - Infraorder Cladobranchia Willan & Morton, 1984
    - Superfamily Aeolidioidea J.E. Gray, 1827
    - Superfamily Arminoidea Rafinesque, 1814
    - Superfamily Dendronotoidea Allman, 1845
    - Superfamily Metarminoidea Odhner in Franc, 1968
  - Suborder Anaspidea P. Fischer, 1883 (sea hares)
    - Superfamily Akeroidea Pilsbry, 1893
    - Superfamily Aplysioidea Lamarck, 1809
  - Suborder Cephalaspidea P. Fischer, 1883
    - Superfamily Acteonoidea D'Orbigny, 1835
    - Superfamily Bulloidea Lamarck, 1801
    - Superfamily Cylindrobulloidea Thiele, 1931
    - Superfamily Diaphanoidea Odhner, 1914
    - Superfamily Haminoeoidea Pilsbry, 1895
    - Superfamily Philinoidea J.E. Gray, 1850
    - Superfamily Ringiculoidea Philippi, 1853
  - Suborder Gymnosomata Blainville, 1824 (sea angels)
  - Suborder Notaspidea P. Fischer, 1883
    - Superfamily Pleurobranchoidea Férussac, 1822
    - Superfamily Tylodinoidea J.E. Gray, 1847
  - Suborder Sacoglossa Von Ihering, 1876
    - Superfamily Oxynooidea H. & A. Adams, 1854
  - Suborder Thecosomata Blainville, 1824 (sea butterflies)
    - Infraorder Euthecosomata
      - Superfamily Limacinoidea
      - Superfamily Cavolinioidea
    - Infraorder Pseudothecosomata
      - Superfamily Peraclidoidea
      - Superfamily Cymbulioidea
  - Suborder Nudibranchia Blainville, 1814 (nudibranchs)
- Order Pulmonata Cuvier in Blainville, 1814 (pulmonates)
  - Subinfraorder Orthurethra
    - Superfamily Achatinelloidea Gulick, 1873
    - Superfamily Cochlicopoidea Pilsbry, 1900
    - Superfamily Partuloidea Pilsbry, 1900
    - Superfamily Pupilloidea Turton, 1831
  - Subinfraorder Sigmurethra
    - Superfamily Acavoidea Pilsbry, 1895
    - Superfamily Achatinoidea Swainson, 1840
    - Superfamily Aillyoidea Baker, 1960
    - Superfamily Arionoidea J.E. Gray in Turnton, 1840
    - Superfamily Buliminoidea Clessin, 1879
    - Superfamily Camaenoidea Pilsbry, 1895
    - Superfamily Clausilioidea Mörch, 1864
    - Superfamily Dyakioidea Gude & Woodward, 1921
    - Superfamily Gastrodontoidea Tryon, 1866
    - Superfamily Helicoidea Rafinesque, 1815
    - Superfamily Helixarionoidea Bourguignat, 1877
    - Superfamily Limacoidea Rafinesque, 1815
    - Superfamily Oleacinoidea H. & A. Adams, 1855
    - Superfamily Orthalicoidea Albers-Martens, 1860
    - Superfamily Plectopylidoidea Moellendorf, 1900
    - Superfamily Polygyroidea Pilsbry, 1894
    - Superfamily Punctoidea Morse, 1864
    - Superfamily Rhytidoidea Pilsbry, 1893
    - Superfamily Sagdidoidera Pilsbry, 1895
    - Superfamily Staffordioidea Thiele, 1931
    - Superfamily Streptaxoidea J.E. Gray, 1806
    - Superfamily Strophocheiloidea Thiele, 1926
    - Superfamily Trigonochlamydoidea Hese, 1882
    - Superfamily Zonitoidea Mörch, 1864
  - Infraorder Acteophila Dall, 1885
    - Superfamily Melampoidea Stimpson, 1851
  - Infraorder Trimusculiformes Minichev & Starobogatov, 1975
    - Superfamily Trimusculoidea Zilch, 1959
  - Infraorder Stylommatophora A. Schmidt, 1856 (land snails)
  - Suborder Basommatophora Keferstein in Bronn, 1864 (freshwater pulmonates)
    - Superfamily Acroloxoidea Thiele, 1931
    - Superfamily Amphiboloidea J.E. Gray, 1840
    - Superfamily Chilinoidea H. & A. Adams, 1855
    - Superfamily Glacidorboidea Ponder, 1986
    - Superfamily Lymnaeoidea Rafinesque, 1815
    - Superfamily Planorboidea Rafinesque, 1815
    - Superfamily Siphonarioidea J.E. Gray, 1840
  - Suborder Eupulmonata Haszprunar & Huber, 1990
  - Suborder Systellommatophora Pilsbry, 1948
    - Superfamily Onchidioidea Rafinesque, 1815
    - Superfamily Otinoidea H. & A. Adams, 1855
    - Superfamily Rathouisioidea Sarasin, 1889