Cabra
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| Cabra domestica | |||||||||
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| (Cabra) | |||||||||
| Classificacion classica | |||||||||
| Renhe | Animalia | ||||||||
| Embrancament | Chordata | ||||||||
| Classa | Mammalia | ||||||||
| Òrdre | Artiodactyla | ||||||||
| Familha | Bovidae | ||||||||
| Sosfamilha : | Caprinae | ||||||||
| Genre | Capra | ||||||||
| Espècia : | Capra aegagrus | ||||||||
| Sosespècia | |||||||||
| Capra aegagrus hircus Linnaeus, 1758 |
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| Percorrètz la biologia sus Wikipèdia :
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La cabra (reg. craba, chabra) domestica (Capra aegagrus hircus) es una sosespècia domesticada de la cabra salvatja del sud-oèst d'Asia e d'Euròpa de l'èst. La cabra es un membre de la familha dels bovins, e es una parenta pròcha de las fedas, e totes dos son part del grop de las cabras antilòpas.
Las cabras domesticas son de las espècias mai ancianas domesticadas. Pendent de milierats d'annadas, son estadas emplegadas per sa produccion de lach, de carn, de pel, e a mai per sa pèl dins lo mond entièr.
Somari |
[Modificar] Istòria
Semblariá que las cabras foguèssen estadas domesticadas per primièr còp tot bèl just fa 10.000 annadas dins las montanhas Zagros d'Iran. Los pòbles ancians e las tribus comencèron de las gardar per tenir a man de lach, de pel, de carn e de pèls. Las cabras domesticas se gardavan generalament en tropèls que se passejavan pels tucs o d'autres airals erboses, sovent tended pels pastres (o pastors) qu'èran en general los enfants o los adolescents de la familha. Aquel biais de foncionar es encara emplegat uèi.
Istoricament, la pèl de las cabras es estada utilizada per fabricar d'oiras per l'aiga e pel vin a l'encòp per viatjar e per transportar lo vin per lo vendre. S'emplegava a mai per far de pergamins, que la pèl èra lo material mai comun que s'emplegava per escriure en Euròpa fins que s'inventèsse l'impression.
[Modificar] Reproduccion
Dins d'unes climats las cabras, coma los umans, son capables de s'apariar en quin moment que siá de l'annada. Dins los climats nordics e demest las raças suïssas, la sason de breeding comença tre que la durada del jorn mèrma, e s'acaba a la debuta de la prima. Las femèlas de totas las espécias son en calor cada 21 jorns entre 2 a 48 oras. Una cabra en calor typically remena sa coa sovent, se sarra del boc se n'i a un a ras, becomes more vocal, e pòt tanben patir una davalada d'apetit e una mermada de sa produccion de lach mentre que dure of the heat.
Los bocs (los mascles pas crestats) de las raças nordicas e suïssa son de cabra per l'auton al meteis moment que las femèlas. Aquela calor se caracteriza per una davalada de l'apetit, un interès obsessiu per las femèlas, una lucha frequenta entre los mascles, un comportament veement, e subretot una odor de musc fòrta. Aquela òlga es particulara del bocs que cèrcan la cabra e es causada pas sonque per las glandas dels sucs dels caps mas mai que mai per sa tendéncia a urinar sus sas barbas e pautas anterioras — la femèla a pas aquela odor a mens qu'un boc se foguèsse fretat a ela o que foguèsse en realitat un cabriboc — e es essenciala per portar una fòrta calor a las cabras.
A mai de to live breeding, l'inseminacion artificiala es venguda plan populara en çò dels elevaires de cabras, que permet de melhoraments rapids per encausa de l'informacion que se ten sus la granda varietat de bloodlines.
La durada de la gestation es d'aperaquí 150 jorns. Los bessons son lo resultat abitual, with single and triplet births also common. Less frequent are litters of quadruplet, quintuplet, and even sextuplet kids. Birthing, known as kidding, generally occurs uneventfully with few complications. The mother often eats the placenta, which, with its oxytocin, gives her much needed nutrients, helps staunch her bleeding, and is believed by some to reduce the lure of the birth scent to predators.
Freshening (coming into milk production) occurs at kidding. Milk production varies with the breed, age, quality, and diet of the doe; dairy goats generally produce between 660 to 1,800 L (1,500 and 4,000 lb) of milk per 305 day lactation. On average, a good quality dairy doe will give at least 6 lb (2.7 L) of milk per day while she is in milk, although a first time milker may produce less, or as much as 16 lb (7.3 L) or more of milk in exceptional cases. Meat, fiber, and pet breeds are not usually milked and simply produce enough for the kids until weaning.
[Modificar] Noirir las cabras
Se ditz sovent que las cabras are reputed to be willing de manjar almost anything. Many farmers use inexpensive (i.e. not purebred) goats for brush control, leading to the use of the term "brush goats." (Brush goats son pas una varietat de cabra, mas puslèu a function they perform.) Because they prefer weeds (e.g. multiflora rose, thorns, small trees) to clover e l'èrba, they are often used to keep fields clear pels autres animals. Los sistèmas digestius de la cabra li permet de nearly any organic substance to be broken down e utilizada coma nutrients.
Contràriament a aquela reputacion, they are quite fastidious in their habits, preferring to browse on the tips of woody shrubs e dels arbres, as well as the occasional broad leaved plant. It can fairly be said that goats will eat almost anything in the botanical world. Their plant diet is extremely varied and includes some species which are toxic or detrimental to cattle and sheep. This makes them valuable for controlling noxious weeds and clearing brush and undergrowth. They will seldom eat soiled food or water unless facing starvation. This is one of the reasons why goat rearing is almost often free ranging since stall-fed goat rearing involves extensive upkeep and is seldom commercially viable.
Goats do not actually consume garbage, tin cans, or clothing, although they will occasionally eat items made primarily of plant material, which can include wood. Their reputation for doing so is most likely due to their intensely inquisitive and intelligent nature: they will explore anything new or unfamiliar in their surroundings. They do so primarily with their prehensile upper lip and tongue. This is why they investigate clothes and sometimes washing powder boxes by nibbling at them.
Goats will consume, on average, 4.5 pounds of dry matter per 100 lbs of body weight per day.
[Modificar] Produches de las cabras
Se ditz que la cabra es a debon utila que siá viva o mòrta, ja que dona de carn e de lach e que sa pèl dona de cuèr. A charity is involved in providing goats to impoverished people in Africa. The main reason cited was that goats are easier to manage than cattle and have multiple uses.
[Modificar] La carn
Lo gost de la carn de cabra meat es comparable al de la carn de l'anhèl. However some feel that it is has a similar gost al del vedèl o del venison, segon l'edat e la condicion de la cabra. It can be prepared in a variety of ways including stewed, baked, grilled, barbecued, minced, canned, or made into sausage. It is also healthier than mutton as it is lower in fat and cholesterol and comparable to chicken. It also has more minerals than chicken,[1] and is lower in total and saturated fats than other meats.[2] One reason for the leanness is that goats do not accumulate fat deposits or "marbling" in their muscles; chevon must ideally be cooked longer and at lower temperatures than other red meats.[3] It is popular in the Middle East, South Asia, Africa, northeastern Brazil, the West Indies, and Belize. Chevon, as yet, is not popular in most western nations.
D'autras parts de la cabra including organs son tanben comestibles. Special delicacies include the cervèl e lo fetge. Lo cap e las cuèissas de las cabras son fumats and used to prepare unique spicy dishes and soup.
[Modificar] Lach e formatge
Lo lach de las cabras es de melhor degestir que lo de las vacas pels umans e es recomendat pels mainatges e las personas qu'an de dificultats per assimilar lo lach de vaca. The curd is much smaller and more digestible. A mai es omogeneïzat d'un biais natural ja que possedís pas la proteïna aglutinina. A mai, lo lach de cabra ten mens de lactòsa, çò que vòl dire que genera pas normalament l'intolerància a la lactòsa qu'existís per d'unes grops umans.
Contràriament a las cresenças popularas, lo lach de cabra a pas un gost marrit. When handled properly, from clean and healthy goats, in a sanitary manner, and cooled quickly, the flavor is unremarkable and inoffensive. Es tanben mestièr de disseparar the strong smelling buck from the dairy does, as his scent will rub off on them and will taint lo lach.
Goats' milk is also used to make popular cheeses such as Rocamadour and feta, although it can be used to make other types of cheese.
[Modificar] La pèl
La pèl de cabra es emplegada encara uèi dins la confeccion dels gants, de las bòtas, e d'autres produches que necessitan una pèl soft. Kid gloves, popular in Victorian times, are still made today. The Black Bengal breed, native to Bangladesh, provides high-quality skin.
[Modificar] Fibra
Las cabras de cashmere produsisson una fibra, la lana Cashmere, que es una de las melhoras dins lo mond entièr. Cashmere fiber is very fine and soft, and grows beneath the guard hairs. Ideally there is a proportionally smaller amount of guard hair (which is undesirable and cannot be spun or dyed) to the cashmere fiber. Most goats produce cashmere fiber to some degree, however the Cashmere goat has been specially bred to produce a much higher amount of it with fewer guard hairs.
La raça de la cabra Angora breed produces long, curling, lustrous locks of mohair. The entire body of the goat is covered with mohair and there are no guard hairs. The locks constantly grow and can be four inches or more in length. Goats do not have to be slaughtered to harvest the wool, which is instead sheared (cut from the body) in the case of Angora goats, or combed, in the case of Cashmere goats. However the Angora goat usually gets shorn twice a year with an average yield of about 10 pounds while the Cashmere goat grows its fiber once a year and it takes about a week to comb out by hand, yielding only about 4 ounces.
La fibra s'emplega per maites produches coma sweaters e lo pel de las pepetas amb the mohair. Both cashmere and mohair are warmer per ounce than wool and are not scratchy or itchy or as allergenic as wool sometimes is. Both fibers command a higher price than wool, compensating for the fact that there is less fiber per goat than there would be wool per sheep.
In South Asia, Cashmere is called pashmina (Persian pashmina = fine wool) and these goats are called pashmina goats (often mistaken as sheep). Since these goats actually belong to the upper Kashmir and Laddakh region, their wool came to be known as cashmere in the West. The pashmina shawls of Kashmir with their intricate embriodery are very famous.
[Modificar] Anatomia
Las cabras an de pupilas horizontal slit shaped pupils. Dau mai estrecha es la pupila, dau mai intensa es la percepcion en prigondor de la vision periferica visio, so narrowing it in one direction would increase depth perception in that plane . Los animals qu'an de vistons coma las cabras e las fedas an probable conegut una evolucion de sas pupilas per tal de tenir una vision melhora e mai adaptada a las environas mountanhencas.
[Modificar] Simbolisme
La cabra o lo boc ocupan una plaça importanta dins las simbolicas religiosas o paganas. L'imatge de la cabra se tròba dins la figura del capricòrn dins l'oroscòp occidental e es tanben un signe de l'oroscòp chinés. Es un animal sovent associat als sacrificis e un personatge recurrent dins lo mond de la magia o de la mascariá.
