Port Pirie, South Australia

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Port Pirie South Australia
Port Pirie Railway Station, which now functions as a museum.
Population:	17,488 (2006)
Established:	1845
Postcode:	5540
Elevation:	4 m
Time zone: • Summer (DST)	ACST (UTC+9:30) ACDT (UTC+10:30)
Location:	224 km from Adelaide
LGA:	Port Pirie Regional Council

Port Pirie is a city located 224 kilometres north of Adelaide in South Australia. It was founded as a settlement in 1845. The most recent recorded population estimate is 17,488^[1]. Port Pirie is the site of the world's largest lead smelter, operated by Zinifex Limited;^[2] it also produces refined silver, zinc, copper and gold.

1 Geography
2 Weather
3 History
4 Railways
5 Culture and Education
6 Industry
7 Waterfront development
8 References and external links

[edit] Geography

Location of Port Pirie in South Australia (red)

Port Pirie is located at 33°11′9″S, 138°1′1″E, at an elevation of 4 metres above sea level. It is located approximately 8 km inland, as it located on the Pirie River, which is a tidal saltwater inlet from Spencer Gulf. It located to the east of Spencer Gulf and is to the west of the Flinders Ranges.

[edit] Weather

Port Pirie exists in a semi-arid location, outside Goyder's Line. Port Pirie is surrounded by mallee scrub. Temperatures vary from 16.4 °C to 31.8 °C. Its annual rainfall is 345.2 millimetres.

[edit] History

Prior to European settlement, the location that became Port Pirie was occupied by the indigeneous tribe of Nukunu. The location was called 'Tarparrie', which is suspected to mean "Muddy Creek". The first European to see the location was Matthew Flinders in 1802 as he explored the Spencer Gulf by boat. The first land discovery by settlers of the location was by the explorer Edward Eyre who explored regions around Port Augusta. John A. Horrocks discovered also a pass from the Flinders Ranges to the coast.

The town was originally called Samuel's Creek after the discovery of Muddy Creek, by Samuel Germein. In 1846, Port Pirie Creek was named by Governor Robe after the "John Pirie", the first vessel to navigate the creek, transported sheep from Bowman's Run near Crystal Brook. In 1848 Matthew Smith and Emanuel Solomon bought 85 acres and subdivided it as a township to be known as Port Pirie.

The government town was surveyed in December 1871 by Charles Hope Harris. The thoroughfares and streets were named after the family of George Goyder, Surveyor General of South Australia, with the streets running parallel and at right angles to the river. In 1873 the land of Solomon and Smith was re-surveyed and named Solomontown. On September 28, 1876, Port Pirie was declared a municipality, with a population of 947. Port Pirie was proclaimed a city in 1953, becoming the first provincial city in South Australia.

Smelters were built in 1889 and it became the biggest lead smelter in the world by 1934, primarily due to the presence of the Broken Hill Associated Smelters (BHAS). Originally established in 1915, the smelter processed ore from the Broken Hill lead and zinc mines.

[edit] Railways

From 1938 to 1970, Port Pirie had the dubious distinction of being a break-of-gauge railway junction between railways of three different gauges:

3' 6" to Broken Hill.
4' 8½" to Kalgoorlie, Western Australia (trans-continental 'Indian Pacific' service).
5' 3" to Adelaide.

In 1970, the line from Port Pirie to Broken Hill was converted to standard gauge. The change created new three-gauge stations at Gladstone and Peterborough. In 1982, the line to Adelaide was also converted to standard gauge, and Port Pirie became a single gauge station. Changes to the National railway system made the Port Pirie platform redundant and in 1992 the baggage room was converted to an Art Gallery. In 1994 a major refurbishment was undertaken and the Regional Tourism and Arts Centre was created. It now includes an Art Gallery, an Award winning Tourism centre, a bus terminal, a Training Restaurant housed in an old sleeper car and a model Train track 1 kilometre in length showing the trip from Port Pirie to Broken Hill.

[edit] Culture and Education

Port Pirie is home to the National Trust Historic and Folk Museum and Memorial Park. Every September and October it hosts a popular country music festival.

It has significant Italian & Greek communities.

Port Pirie is the main centre for the Mid North area. Many towns in the area rely on Port Pirie for shopping and employment. It also has many educational institutions such as John Pirie Secondary Schools (years 8-12), St Mark's College (Reception-year 12), many preschools and primary schools, Mid North Christian School (years 8-12) and a TAFE Campus (Adult Education).

[edit] Industry

The main industries are the smelting of metals, and the operation of silos to hold grain.

Port Pirie's main employer is Zinifex Limited, which has the world's largest lead smelter in the town.^[2] It has operated since the 1880s. The Stack, which can be seen miles away is 205 metres tall, and is the tallest structure in the state.^{[citation needed]} Zinifex propose to form a joint venture with Umicore which will own the smelter, and eventually be spun out of the parent companies.^[3]^[4]

Flinders Industrial, a new industrial estate, is currently in its second stage and is planned to be home to the new council depot. Plans are to build a sulphuric acid plant here for the benefit of the Zinifex Smelter.

Lead smelters are responsible for several environmental problems, not least of which is the high concentrations of lead found in Elephant's bloodstreams. The problem is particularly significant in many children who have grown up in the area. There is a government project to address this.^[5]

[edit] Waterfront development

The PPRC, with the State Government are creating a waterfront which will revitalise the area from the Main Road boat ramp up to the area off Ellen street. Plans are to build parks, bikeways, bistros, A large playground (largely funded by Zinifex) and retail. The development has already started and is estimated to cost nearly $3m.

[edit] References and external links

^ Regional Population Growth, South Australia. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved on March 30, 2007.
^ ^a ^b Port Pirie Overview. Zinifex Limited. Retrieved on December 12, 2006.
^ Zinifex and Umicore seek to create the world's leading producer of zinc metal. Zinifex Limited. ASX (2006-12-12). Retrieved on December 12, 2006.
^ "Zinifex, Umicore to combine zinc assets", The Age, 2006-12-12. Retrieved on December 12, 2006.
^ Pt Pirie Environmental Health Centre. Retrieved on June 11, 2006.

	State of South Australia
Topics	History \| Government \| Flag \| Rail transport \| Country Fire Service
Capital	Adelaide
Regions	Adelaide Hills \| Barossa Valley \| Clare Valley \| Eyre Peninsula \| Fleurieu Peninsula \| Flinders Ranges \| Limestone Coast \| Mid North \| Nullarbor Plain \| Riverland \| Yorke Peninsula
Cities	Adelaide \| Port Augusta \| Mount Gambier \| Murray Bridge \| Port Lincoln \| Port Pirie \| Whyalla