Pre-Botzinger complex
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The Pre-Bötzinger Complex (pBc) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla essential to the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motonucluei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.
Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specfic to the pBc, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, NMDA-glutamate, and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.
One such novel compound that acts on this area of the brain stem, called BIMU8, has been discovered . BIMU8, a selective 5HT4 serotonin agonist is thought to stimulate the pBc, causing an increase in the rate of respiration. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.
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- Smith J, Ellenberger H, Ballanyi K, Richter D, Feldman J (1991). "Pre-Bötzinger complex: a brainstem region that may generate respiratory rhythm in mammals". Science 254 (5032): 726-9. PMID 1683005.
- Kuwana S, Tsunekawa N, Yanagawa Y, Okada Y, Kuribayashi J, Obata K (2006). "Electrophysiological and morphological characteristics of GABAergic respiratory neurons in the mouse pre-Botzinger complex". Eur J Neurosci 23 (3): 667-674. PMID 16487148.
- Mayer CA, Haxhiu MA, Martin RJ, Wilson CG (2006). "Adenosine A2A receptors mediate GABAergic inhibition of respiration in immature rats". J Appl Physiol 100 (1): 91-97. PMID 16141383.
