Prosimian

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The Ring-tailed Lemur (Lemur catta) is a prosimian of the family Lemuridae.

Prosimians are the most primitive extant primates; they represent forms that were ancestral to monkeys, apes and humans. Prosimians are the only primates native to Madagascar, and are also found in Southeast Asia. With the exception of the tarsiers, all of the prosimians are in the suborder Strepsirrhini. Due to this reason the classification is not phylogenetically 'valid', as they do not share a unique last common ancestor, and anatomical traits.

The adapids are an extinct grouping that were most certainly prosimians and closely related to the strepsirhines. The omomyids are another extinct group of prosimians but they are believed to be haplorrhines, closely related to the tarsiers, but an outgroup to the rest of the haplorrhines.

[edit] Classification

The prosimians were once considered a suborder of the Primate order (suborder Prosimii)(Gr. pro, before, + simia, ape). They have been shown, however, to be paraphyletic - that is, the smallest clade of related species that includes all of the prosimians also includes other species - in this case all of the primates.This relationship is shown by the ranks (prosimians in bold) in the list below of the current Primate classification between the order and family level. The classification is used on a more behavioural term nowadays, due to the lack of a unique last common ancestor.

ORDER PRIMATES
- Suborder Strepsirrhini: non-tarsier prosimians
  - Infraorder Lemuriformes
    - Superfamily Cheirogaleoidea
      - Family Cheirogaleidae: dwarf lemurs and mouse-lemurs
    - Superfamily Lemuroidea
      - Family Lemuridae: lemurs
      - Family Lepilemuridae: sportive lemurs
      - Family Indriidae: woolly lemurs and allies
  - Infraorder Chiromyiformes
    - Family Daubentoniidae: Aye-aye
  - Infraorder Lorisiformes
    - Family Lorisidae: lorises, pottos and allies
    - Family Galagidae: galagos
- Suborder Haplorrhini: tarsiers, monkeys and apes
  - Infraorder Tarsiiformes
    - Family Tarsiidae: tarsiers
  - Infraorder Simiiformes
    - Platyrrhini: New World monkeys (4 families)
    - Catarrhini: humans and other Old World primates (3 families)