Raşcov

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Raşcov (Raşcu) is a village in Transnistria, famous for its Raşcov Castle which was built by Petru Rareş for nearby Moldavian villages.

Nowadays, it is situated nowadays near an ecologically protected area).[1] [2] [3] A document dated 1574 by Moldavian domnitor Ion Vodă cel Cumplit mentions "our country from across the Dniester" (ţara noastră a Moldovei de dincolo de Nistru), a boyar agreement from 1602 talks about their "families" across the Dniester ^[1]. In 1681, Gheorghe Duca becomes "despot of Moldova and Ukraine" (Despot al Moldovei şi Ucrainei), mentioning his function in documents as "hatman and administrator of Ukraine" ^[2], and writing numerous documents in Romanian dealing with issues along the Dniester and Dnieper valleys. ^[3][4] Ştefan Movilă, Dimitrie Cantacuzino, and Ene Drăghici hold the same title afterwards, while afterwards boyars Simeon Paliş and Sandu Colţea are mentioned as administrsators. ^[5] Gheorghe Duca built two courts - at Ţicanova on the Dniester, and at Nimirov on the Bug, mentioned in Moldavian hands as late as 1765 ^{[6] [7]} The localities Movilău, Dubăsari, Silibria, Iampol, Jaruga, Raşcov, Vasilcău are mentioned as fairs.

When the Russian oblast was established at Ochakov in 1792, Petru Şchiopu is mentioned to have brought 15,000 workers and 3,000 carts from Moldavia, and the lands of the boyars Cantacuzino, Rosetti, Catargiu, Badiul, Sturza, Manuil, Macaresu, Cucu, Boian, Iliescu, Sabău, Cananău, Crăciun, Pascal, Hagilă, Săcară, Nicoriţă, Ghenadie, Dodon, and Zurucilă are re-confirmed. The Russian census of 1793 of the Ochakov region mentions a totality of 67 villages, of which 49 are mentioned as Moldavian and 18 as Tatar. ^[8] For a while there was talk that the new governor of the region would be the Moldavian boyar Alexandru I. Mavrocordat. ^[9] In 1783 Catherine II of Russia settled on the left bank of Dniper 2,000 Romanian families from Transylvania, building for the 15 churches and giving them freedom from military service and from taxes as to cover their settlement costs, rights to held services and court judgements, and to print books in Romanian, and to use a seal with the aurochs head (the coat of arms of Moldavia) ^[10] In 1796, at Dubăsari was printed the first volume of poetry in Romanian (original poetry and translations by I.Cantacuzino). ^[11] In 1799, Pavel Sumarkov notes that in the new founded towns of Ovidiopol, Tiraspol, Grigoriopol, Dubăsari, and Mălăieşti the majority of the inhabitants are Moldavians. ^[12]. In 1897, Russian data show 532,416 Moldavians in the provinces of Kherson and Podolia, 11,813 - in Ekaterinoslav, and 4,015 - in Tauridia.

In 1657 the Mitropolitan of Moldavia ordaines Lazăr Branovici as bishop of Chernigov ^[13] In 1769 a document dated at Tighina mentions that the tilte of the Mitropolitan of Moldova as "Mitropolitan of Proilavia (Brăilei), of Tamarova (Reni), of Hotin, and of all the borders of the Danube, of the Dniester, and the Han's Ukraine" ^[14] Several documents from 17th and 18th centuries mention the territory between the rivers Dnister and Bug under the juristdiction of the Bishopric of Huşi. In 1792 the territory is transferred to the bishopric of Ekaterinoslav, under the bishop Gavril Bănulescu-Bodoni. When Bessarabia was also taken by the Russian Empire in 1812, Gavril Bănulescu-Bodoni became the new Mitropolitan of Chişinău, Hotin and Ochakov, and in the correspondence with the Patriarch of Russia he mentions the reason for re-uniting the bishoprics as " because in the land of Ochakov, as in Bessarabia, there live Moldavians, Vlahs, Greeks, Bulgars and colonists of different nations, but Russians very few" ("fiindcă în ţinutul Oceacovului precum şi în Basarabia locuiesc moldoveni, vlahi, greci, bulgari şi colonişti de diferite neamuri, iar ruşi sunt foarte puţini"). In 1837, however, a new bishopric of Kherson and Tauridia is founded, with siege at Odessa, separated from the church in Bessarabia. ^[15]

[edit] References

1. ^ E.Şt. Holban, Figuri basarabene, "Basarabia" nr.3/1992, page 8913
2. ^ Istoria României în date, Chişinău 1992, page 138
3. ^ A. Crihan, "Basarabia" nr. 10/1991, page 69
4. ^ N. Iorga, Istoria românilor prin călători, Bucureşti 1981, page 276
5. ^ I.S. Nistor, "Istoria românilor din Transnistria", Bucureşti, re-print of 1995, page 19
6. ^ N. Iorga, Românii de peste Nistru, ,,Basarabia", nr. 11/1992, page 87
7. ^ Viorel Dolha, "Totul despre Transnistria", http://www.aiarad.ro/forum/viewtopic.php?t=39
8. ^ E. Lozovan, Românii orientali de la Nistru la Vladivostok, "Neamul Românesc", nr.1/1991, page 32
9. ^ N. Iorga, Românii de peste Nistru, "Basarabia", nr.11/1992, page 89
10. ^ I.S. Nistor, "Istoria românilor din Transnistria", Bucureşti, re-print of 1995, page 27
11. ^ Istoria României în date, Chişinău 1992, page 156
12. ^ N. Iorga, Istoria românilor prin călători, Bucureşti 1981, page 445
13. ^ I.S. Nistor, "Istoria românilor din Transnistria", Bucureşti, re-print of 1995, page 23
14. ^ E.Şt. Holban, Figuri basarabene, "Basarabia", nr.1/1992
15. ^ I.S. Nistor, "Istoria românilor din Transnistria", Bucureşti, re-print of 1995, page 26