River Westbourne
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The River Westbourne is a river in London, England. It flows from Hampstead down through Hyde Park to Sloane Square and into the River Thames at Chelsea. The river was originally called the Kilburn (Cye Bourne — royal stream) but has been known, at different times and in different places, as Kelebourne, Kilburn, Bayswater, Bayswater River, Bayswater Rivulet, Serpentine River, The Bourne, Westburn Brook, the Ranelagh River and, the Ranelagh Sewer. It is of similar size to the Fleet.
The River Westbourne rose in Hampstead and flowed south through Kilburn. Kilburn was the name of the river at that point. It ran west along what is now Kilburn Park Road and then south along what is now Shirland Road. After crossing what is now Bishops Bridge Road, the river continued more or less due south, between what is now Craven Terrace and what is now Gloucester Terrace. At this point, the river was known until the early nineteenth century as the Bayswater rivulet and from that it gave its name to the area now known as Bayswater.
Originally, however, Bayswater was the point on the river where it crosses Bayswater Road, which was called Bayards Watering in 1652 and Bayards Watering Place in 1654. It is said that there is a reference to Bayards Watering Place as early as 1380. There were a few houses at this spot in the eighteenth century, and, it seems, a man called Bayard used or offered it as a watering place for horses on the main road to Uxbridge which is called Bayswater Road at this point (formerly Uxbridge Road).
The river enters Hyde Park at what is now the Serpentine, which was formed in 1730 by building a dam across the Westbourne at the instigation of Queen Caroline, wife of George II, in order to beautify the royal park. The Westbourne ceased to provide the water for the Serpentine in 1834, as the river had become polluted, and the Serpentine is now supplied from water pumped from the Thames.
The Westbourne left Hyde Park (both before and after it had been dammed to form the Serpentine) at Knightsbridge which was originally a bridge over the Westbourne itself. It is recorded that, in the year 1141, the citizens of London met Queen Matilda at this bridge. The river ran from Knightsbridge south west through Chelsea into the river Thames.
The river leaves the Serpentine by the cascade at the eastern end of that lake. From there it flows roughly due south. It gives its name to Bourne Street, SW1 and follows very closely the boundary between the City of Westminster and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. This can be seen very clearly in the meandering purple line down the middle of this map.
The waters of the Westbourne or Bayswater were originally pure and in 1437 and 1439 conduits were laid to carry water from the Westbourne into the City of London, for drinking. In the nineteenth century, however, the water became filthy and impure by its use, in effect, as a sewer.
When Belgravia, Chelsea and Paddington were developed, it became necessary to drive the river Westbourne underground in order to build over it. The river was therefore directed into pipes in the early part of the nineteenth century, work which was completed in the 1850s. Since then, the Westbourne has been one of the lost rivers of London, running underground in a pipe.
The pipe can still be seen running above the platform of Sloane Square tube station. It is located just below the ceiling towards the end of the platforms closest to the exits. The pipe is the original one constructed in the nineteenth century. Although the station was badly bombed during the Battle of Britain in November 1940, the old iron pipe was not damaged.
The river falls into the river Thames about 300 yards west of Chelsea Bridge. This outfall, from a pipe now called the Ranelagh Sewer, can still be seen at low tide.
The finest and most intelligible map of the whole course of the Westbourne, superimposed over the Victorian street plan, is found in an article by J. G. Waller, published in the Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, vol VI (1882) pp 272–279.
The map shows that the River Westbourne never ran as far west as even the easternmost extremity of Westbourne Grove (which ends at Queensway). The areas called Westbourne were to the west of the river, as is Westbourne Grove itself. That is why they were called "Westbourne" — because they lay west of the bourne or river.
