Rosiglitazone

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Rosiglitazone
Systematic (IUPAC) name
5-((4-(2-(methyl-2-pyridinylamino) ethoxy)phenyl)methyl)- 2,4-thiazolidinedione
Identifiers
CAS number	122320-73-4
ATC code	A10BG02
PubChem	77999
DrugBank	APRD00403
Chemical data
Formula	C₁₈H₁₉N₃O₃S
Mol. mass	357.428 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	99%
Protein binding	99.8%
Metabolism	Hepatic (CYP2C8-mediated)
Half life	3-4 hours
Excretion	Renal (64%) and fecal (23%)
Therapeutic considerations
Licence data	EU US
Pregnancy cat.	B3(AU) C(US)
Legal status	POM(UK) ℞-only(US)
Routes	Oral

Rosiglitazone is an anti-diabetic drug from the thiazolidinedione class. It is being marketed as Avandia® by the pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline, both as a standalone preparation and in combination with metformin (Avandamet®). Another combination drug approved by the FDA is Avandaryl® (with glimepiride).

Like other thiazolidinediones, its mechanism of action is by activation of the intracellular receptor class of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), specifically PPARγ. Rosiglitazone is a pure ligand of PPARγ, and has no PPARα-binding action. Apart from its effect on insulin resistance, it appears to have an anti-inflammatory effect: nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) levels fall and inhibitor (IκB) levels increase in patients on rosiglitazone (Mohanty et al).

Recent research has indicated that Rosiglitazone may be of benefit to a subset of suffers of Alzheimer's disease expressing the ApoE4 allelle. This is the subject of a clinical trial currently underway by GlaxoSmithKline.

1 References
2 Side-effects and contraindications
3 See also
4 External links

[edit] References

Mohanty P, Aljada A, Ghanim H, Hofmeyer D, Tripathy D, Syed T, al-Haddad W, Dhindsa S, Dandona P. Evidence for a potent antiinflammatory effect of rosiglitazone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89:2728-35. PMID 15181049.

[edit] Side-effects and contraindications

See main article: thiazolidinedione

[edit] See also

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor

[edit] External links

v • d • e Oral antidiabetic drugs (A10B)
Biguanides	Metformin
Sulfonylureas	Chlorpropamide, glibenclamide (Glyburide), Gliclazide, Glimepiride, Glipizide, Gliquidone, Tolazamide, Tolbutamide
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors	Acarbose, Miglitol
Thiazolidinediones (TZD)	Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone, Troglitazone
Meglitinides	Nateglinide, Repaglinide, Mitiglinide
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors	Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin, Vildagliptin