Samson Occom
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The Reverend Samson Occom (also spelled Occum) (1723 – 1792) was a member of the Mohegan nation near New London, Connecticut, born to Joshua Tomacham and Sarah, believed to be a direct descendant of the famous Mohegan chief, Uncas.
In 1740, at the age of sixteen, he was exposed to the teachings of Christian evangelical preachers in the Great Awakening. He began to study theology at the "Lattin School" of Eleazar Wheelock in 1743 and stayed with him for four years until leaving to begin his own career. He served as a missionary to Native American people in New England and Montauk, Long Island where he married a local woman. It was also on Long Island where he was officially ordained a Presbyterian minister on August 30, 1759 by the presbytery of Suffolk. Although promised otherwise by the church leaders, Occom was never paid the same salary as white preachers, and he lived in deep poverty for much of his life.
Wheelock established an Indian charity school with a benefaction from Joshua Moor in 1754, and he persuaded Occom to go to England in 1766 to raise money for the school, along with the Rev. Nathaniel Whitaker. Occom preached his way across the country from February 16, 1766, to July 22, 1767. He delivered in total between three and four hundred sermons, drawing large crowds wherever he went. By the end of his tour he had raised over twelve thousand pounds for Wheelock's project. King George III himself donated 200 pounds, and William Legge, Earl of Dartmouth subscribed 50 guineas. The friendship between Occom and Wheelock dissolved when Occom learned that Wheelock had neglected to care for Occom's wife and children while he was away. Occom also took issue with the fact that Wheelock put the funds toward establishing Dartmouth College for the education of Englishmen rather than of Native Americans.
Upon his return from England, Occom lived at Mohegan, then moved in 1786 with some New England and Long Island Indians to Oneida territory in what is known today as New York. He then helped to found Brothertown, and lived among the Brothertown Indians. Later Stockbridge (Mohicans) people moved to the area. In 1768, Occom wrote the 10-page A Short Narrative of My Life, which was kept in Dartmouth College's archive collection until publication in 1982. He also published Sermon at the Execution of Moses Paul and A Choice Collection of Hymns and Spiritual Songs in 1774. He was the first Native American person to ever publish documents in English.
He died on July 14, 1792 in New Stockbridge, New York. He is buried just off of Bogusville Road outside of Deansboro (formerly known as Brothertown), New York.
In the first half of the 1800's many Brothertown Indians people moved to what is now known as the Brothertown township in Calumet County, Wisconsin. The Brothertown Indians are currently petitioning the federal government to be federally recognized - in effect, re-recognized. Federal recognition was initially stripped from the Brothertown people when they accepted US citizenship in an effort to avoid being displaced yet again. Since then, US policy has changed and Native American people are, quite obviously, both American citizens - as well as citizens of their respective Nations. However the policy as implemented among the Brothertown Indians, the first Native Americans granted US citizenship, at the time stripped them of what we today call tribal sovereignty.
In World War II the United States liberty ship SS Samson Occum was named in his honor.
Located on the campus of Eastern Connecticut state University in Willimantic Connecticut is an upperclassmen residence hall named Samson Occum hall named in his honor.
[edit] Works of Samson Occom
- A Choice Collection of Hymns and Spiritual Songs, New London, CT : Press of Thomas and Samual Green, 1774.
- A Sermon Preached at the Execution of Moses Paul, An Indian Who Was Executed at New Haven on the 2nd of September 1772 for the Murder of Mr. Moses Cook, late of Waterbury, on the 7th of December 1771, New Haven : Press of Thomas and Samual Green, 1774.
- A Short Narrative of my life, 1768, Unpublished manuscript in archives of Darmouth College Library. (recently included in The Norton Anthology of American Literature)
- Journals, 1754 and 1786(?), Unpublished manuscript in collection of New London County Historical Society.
- Herbs and Roots, Unpublished manuscript in collection of New London County Historical Society.
