Separate Development
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Separate Development was the policy implemented by South African Prime Minister Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd and is commonly confused with the policy of apartheid. Separate Development sought to pre-empt the need for large scale migration of people to the towns and cities, by developing the economies of the "Homelands" instead.
Verwoerd argued that a policy of economic decentralization would make for a peaceful multicultural society, with each community exercising its right of political self-determination. Industrialists were encouraged with tax incentives and labour benefits to establish industries on the homeland borders, resulting in a symbiotic relationship between labour and capital within a common economic system. During the sixty's and seventy's, the country experienced unprecedented economic growth. Unemployment was at its lowest in history. Each homeland had its own Development Corporation. Large communal estates were established, which provided jobs for thousands of peasant workers and which injected millions of dollars into the communal coffers. Tea estates, coffee plantations, citrus and dissiduous fruit estates with their own canning and processing faclities earned valuable foreign exchange for homelands and the region as a whole. Universities and Polytechnics were established for each language group, decentralised in line with the overall policy and turning out thousands or literate black professionals.
New capital cities were built, each with its own parliament and administration complexes. Mother tongue education was the philosophy for primary, as well as secondary education. These intitutions became the training ground for South Africa's black rulers of the New South Africa.
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