Sir Archibald Douglas

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Sir Archibald Douglas, (before 1298 – 19 July 1333) was a Scottish noble, Regent of Scotland and military leader.

Contents 1 Early Life 2 Second War of Independence 2.1 Battle of Halidon Hill 3 Marriage and issue 4 Notes 5 References

[edit] Early Life

The son of Sir William "le Hardi" Douglas, the Governor of the castle at Berwick-upon-Tweed, Douglas was also brother of the "Good" Sir James Douglas, King Robert the Bruce's deputy.

Douglas is first heard of in 1320 when he received a charter of land at Morebattle in Roxburghshire and Kirkandrews in Dumfriesshire from King Robert. In 1324 he was recorded as being granted the lands of Crimond in Buchan, already being possession of Cavers in Roxburghshire, Drumlanrig and Terregles in Dumfriesshire, and the lands of Weast Calder in Midlothian.

History then keeps quiet about Douglas except whilst serving under his older brother James in the 1327 campaign in Weardale, where his foragers "auoint curry apoi tot levesche de Doresme"- overran nearly all the Bishopric of Durham. (Scalacronica)

[edit] Second War of Independence

Following the death of King Robert I and his brother's crusade with the dead king's heart, Douglas once again becomes of note.

During the Second War of Scottish Independence, Edward Baliol, son of John Baliol, had invaded Scotland with the backing of Edward III of England, inflicting a defeat on the Scots at the Battle of Dupplin Moor. Douglas served under the dubious leadership of Patrick V, Earl of Dunbar leader of the second army that aimed to crush the smaller Balliol force. Following the rout of the Earl of Mar's force Dunbar did not engage the disinherited but retreated allowing Edward Balliol to be crowned at Scone

Following this battle, and as a sweetener to the English, Edward Baliol agreed to cede the county, town and castle of Berwick to England in perpetuity.

[edit] Battle of Halidon Hill

Edward III himself came north to command his army, and laid siege to Berwick. However, a temporary truce was declared with the stipulation that if not relieved within a set time, Sir Alexander Seton, the governor, would deliver the castle to the English. Douglas raised an army to relieve the beleaguered defenders of Berwick. As a feint to draw the English away he invaded Northumberland, but was forced to return to Berwick when the English refused to be lured. On 19 July, Edward's army took positions at the summit of Halidon Hill, a summit some mile and a half north of the town with commanding views of the surrounding country. Douglas' numerically superior force was compelled to attack up the slope and were slaughtered by the English archers, a prelude, perhaps, to the battles of Crécy and Agincourt. The English won the field with little loss of life, however by the close of the fight, countless Scots common soldiers, five Scots Earls and the Guardian Douglas lay dead. The following day Berwick capitulated.

Archibald was succeeded by his son, William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas.

[edit] Marriage and issue

Sir Archibald Douglas married Beatrice Lindsay, daughter of Sir Alexander Lindsay of Crawford, an ancestor of the Earls of Crawford. They had three children.^[1]

• John Douglas (d.b. 1342 in the retinue of David II of Scotland in France)
• William, Lord of Douglas
• Eleanor Bruce married five times

1. Alexander, Earl of Carrick, natural son of Edward Bruce, King of Ireland (k.1333, Battle of Halidon Hill)
2. Sir James de Sandilands, ancestor of the Earls of Torphichen (d.b. 1358)
3. Sir William Tours of Dalry (d.b.1368)
4. Sir Duncan Wallace of Sundrum (d.b. 1376)
5. Sir Patrick Hepburn of Hailes, ancestor of the Earls of Bothwell

[edit] Notes

[edit] References

• A History of the House of Douglas Vol. I, Sir Herbert Maxwell. Fremantle, London. 1902
• The Black Douglases, War & Lordship in Late Medieval Scotland, Michael Brown. Tuckwell Press, East Linton. 1998

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