Sol
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Sol (IPA: [sɑl]) was the name or personification of the Sun (in Latin) (Usil in Etruscan), and can also refer to sunlight, sunbeam, or east (the direction where the Sun rises). The Latin name is widely known, but not common in general English language usage, although the related adjective solar is more common. 'Sol' is more frequently used in science fiction writing, as a formal name for the specific star, since in many stories the local sun is a different star and thus the generic term "the sun" would be ambiguous. By extension, the Solar System is often referred to in science fiction as the "Sol System"[citation needed].
The term sol is used by planetary astronomers to refer to the duration of a solar day on planets other than Earth (e.g. Mars).[1] A mean Earth solar day is approximately 24 hours. A mean Martian solar day, or "sol", is 24 hours, 39 minutes, and 35.244 seconds [2]. See also Timekeeping on Mars.
Sol Invictus, god of the sun in Roman mythology, was equivalent to the god Helios of Greek mythology. Also, Sól was the name of a sun goddess in Norse mythology, with the s-rune ᛋ named after her.
Sol is also the modern word for "Sun" in Portuguese, Catalan, Spanish, Icelandic, Danish, Norwegian and Swedish. The Peruvian currency nuevo sol is named after the Sun (in Spanish), like its successor (and predecessor, in use 1985-1991) the Inti (in Quechua).
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| Structure: Solar Core - Radiation Zone - Convection Zone |
| Atmosphere - Photosphere - Chromosphere - Transition region - Corona |
| Extended Structure: Termination Shock - Heliosphere - Heliopause - Heliosheath - Bow Shock |
| Solar Phenomena: Sunspots - Faculae - Granules - Supergranulation - Solar Wind - Spicules |
| Coronal loops - Solar Flares - Solar Prominences - Coronal Mass Ejections |
| Moreton Waves - Coronal Holes |
| Other: Solar System - Solar Variation - Solar Dynamo - Heliospheric Current Sheet - Solar Radiation - Solar Eclipse |
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