Sunda-Sulawesi languages
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| Sunda-Sulawesi | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution: |
Indonesia and Micronesia |
| Genetic classification: |
Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian (MP) Nuclear MP Sunda-Sulawesi |
| Subdivisions: |
17 branches (provisional)
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The Sunda-Sulawesi languages (or Inner Hesperonesian or Inner Western Malayo-Polynesian languages) are a branch of the Austronesian family which include the languages of Sulawesi and the Greater Sunda Islands, as well as a few outliers such as Chamorro and Palauan, as outlined in Wouk and Ross (2002).
The traditional group of Western Malayo-Polynesian (WMP), or Hesperonesian, has been broken up inteo "inner" (Sunda-Sulawesi) and "outer" (Borneo-Philippines) clades, and Western Malayo-Polynesian is considered merely a geographic term in this classification.
[edit] Classification
There are a number of small, closely related clusters of languages in the Sunda-Sulawesi family whose interrelationship remains uncertain.
The twenty languages of northern Sulawesi and islands to the north (the Sangiric languages such as Bantik, Minahasan languages, and Mongondow-Gorontalo languages) are not part of the Sunda-Sulawesi branch of Austronesian (Inner Hesperonesian), but rather part of the Borneo-Philippines branch (Outer Hesperonesian).
- Tomini-Tolitoli languages (8 languages of northern Central Sulawesi province; includes Totoli)
- Saluan-Banggai languages (4 languages of eastern Central Sulawesi)
- Kaili-Pamona languages (8 languages of central Central Sulawesi)
- South Sulawesi (9 languages of South Sulawesi; includes Buginese, Makassarese, and the former isolate Mbaloh)
- Bungku-Tolaki languages (4 languages of South East Sulawesi)
- Wotu-Wolio languages (3 languages)
- Muna-Buton (6 languages offshore from South East Sulawesi, such as Tukang Besi)
- Gayo language (north Sumatra)
- Sumatran languages (10 languages of north-central Sumatra; includes Nias, Mentawai, and 5 Batak languages)
- Malayic languages (25 languages dispersed from central Sumatra, including Malay (Malaysian/Indonesian), Minangkabau in central Sumatra, Acehnese in Aceh, Cham in Vietnam, Moken in Thailand and Burma, and Iban of northern Borneo)
- Lampungic languages (2 languages of Lampung in southern Sumatra)
- Sundanese (western Java)
- Javanese (central Java)
- Madurese (eastern Java and Madura)
- Bali-Sasak languages (3 languages: Balinese on Bali, Sasak on Lombok, and Sumbawa on western Sumbawa)
- Palauan (Palau)
- Chamorro (Mariana Islands, including Guam)
(Languages of the Sunda Islands are arranged from west to east.)
[edit] Reference
- Fay Wouk and Malcolm Ross (ed.), The history and typology of western Austronesian voice systems. Australian National University, 2002.
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