1285

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[edit] Events

• January 6 - Archbishop Jakub Świnka orders all priests subject to his bishopry in Poland to deliver sermons in Polish rather than German, thus further unifying the Catholic Church in Poland and fostering a national identity.
• April 25 - Mamluk sultan Qalawun begins a siege of the Crusader fortress of Margat (in present-day Syria), a major stronghold of the Knights Hospitaller thought to be impregnable; he captures the fortress a month later.
• September 4 - Roger of Lauria defeats King Philip III of France in a naval battle off of Barcelona.
• The writ Circumspecte Agatis, issued by King Edward I of England, defines the jurisdictions of church and state in England, thereby limiting the church's judicial powers to ecclesiastical cases only.
• The Second statute of Westminster is passed in England, reforming various laws; it includes the famous clause de donis conditionalibus, considered one of the fundamental institutes of medieval law in England.
• The English romantic poem The Lay of Havelok the Dane is written (approximate date).
• Tran Hung Dao leads Vietnamese forces in victory over an invading Yuan dynasty Mongol army.

[edit] Births

[edit] Deaths