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[edit] Modifier key abbreviations used in this page
Below is a list of common keyboard shortcuts that are used in modern desktop environments: Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, KDE and GNOME. These are shortcuts used to interact with the desktop environment, and shortcuts commonly used in desktop applications. The Cmd key listed below for Mac OS systems is the key.
| Action |
Windows XP/Windows Vista |
Mac OS |
KDE |
GNOME |
| File menu |
Alt-F |
|
Alt-F |
Alt-F |
| Quit the application |
Alt-F4 [1] |
Cmd-Q |
Ctrl-Q |
Ctrl-Q |
| Create a new document |
Ctrl-N |
Cmd-N |
Ctrl-N |
Ctrl-N |
| Open a document |
Ctrl-O |
Cmd-O |
Ctrl-O |
Ctrl-O |
| Save the current document |
Ctrl-S |
Cmd-S |
Ctrl-S |
Ctrl-S |
| Print the current document |
Ctrl-P |
Cmd-P |
Ctrl-P |
Ctrl-P |
| Close the current document |
varies [1] |
Cmd-W |
Ctrl-W |
Ctrl-W |
| Edit menu |
Alt-E |
|
Alt-E |
Alt-E |
| Undo the last operation |
Ctrl-Z |
Cmd-Z |
Ctrl-Z |
Ctrl-Z |
| Redo the last operation |
Ctrl-Y |
Cmd-Shift-Z |
Shift-Ctrl-Z |
Shift-Ctrl-Z |
| Cut the selected area and store it in the clipboard |
Ctrl-X, or Shift-Del |
Cmd-X |
Ctrl-X |
Ctrl-X |
| Copy the selected area into the clipboard |
Ctrl-C, or Ctrl-Ins |
Cmd-C |
Ctrl-C |
Ctrl-C |
| Paste contents of clipboard at cursor |
Ctrl-V, or Shift-Ins |
Cmd-V |
Ctrl-V |
Ctrl-V |
| Select everything in focused control or window |
Ctrl-A |
Cmd-A |
Ctrl-A |
Ctrl-A |
| Delete selection |
Del |
Delete (Backspace) |
Del |
Del |
| Find matches in the current document, highlighting them in-place |
Ctrl-F |
Cmd-F |
Ctrl-F |
Ctrl-F |
| Incremental find |
|
|
Slash (/) [2] |
|
| Search for matches in multiple documents, files or other external sources |
Win-F (opens windows search), Win (Vista only, opens Start menu with Start Search box focused) |
Cmd-Space |
|
Ctrl-F |
| Find the next match |
F3 |
Cmd-G |
Ctrl-G |
Ctrl-G |
| Find and replace matches |
Ctrl-H |
Cmd-F [3] |
Ctrl-R |
Ctrl-H |
| View menu |
Alt-V |
|
Alt-V |
Alt-V |
| Zoom in on the document |
Ctrl-Click Wheel (Scroll) |
Cmd-Shift-= (Cmd-Plus) or Cmd-= |
Ctrl-Plus |
Ctrl-Plus |
| Zoom out of the document |
Ctrl-Click Wheel (Scroll) |
Cmd-Minus |
Ctrl-Minus |
Ctrl-Minus |
| Reload the current document, updating content from source if necessary |
F5 |
Cmd-R |
F5 |
Ctrl-R |
| Display the selected object's properties/information window. |
Alt-Enter |
Cmd-I |
|
Alt-Enter |
| Bookmarks menu |
Alt-B |
Cmd-Opt-B |
Alt-B |
Alt-B |
| Add a bookmark for the current location |
Ctrl-D |
Cmd-D |
Ctrl-B |
Ctrl-D |
| Manage bookmarks |
|
Cmd-Opt-B (Safari) |
|
Ctrl-B |
| Go menu |
|
|
|
|
| Go to Browser |
|
Cmd-L |
|
|
| Go to the previous location in history |
Alt-Left or Backspace |
Cmd-[ or Cmd-Left |
Alt-Left |
Alt-Left |
| Go to the next location in history |
Alt-Right |
Cmd-] or Cmd-Right |
Alt-Right |
Alt-Right |
| Go up one level in the navigation hierarchy |
Backspace |
Cmd-up |
Alt-Up |
Alt-Up |
| Go to the starting page defined by the user or application |
|
Cmd-Home |
Ctrl-Home |
Alt-Home |
| Text formatting |
|
Cmd-T |
|
|
| Make selected text bold/regular |
Ctrl-B |
Cmd-B |
Ctrl-B |
Ctrl-B |
| Underline/remove underline from selected text |
Ctrl-U |
Cmd-U |
Ctrl-U |
Ctrl-U |
| Make selected text italic/regular |
Ctrl-I |
Cmd-I |
Ctrl-I |
Ctrl-I |
| Window management |
|
|
|
|
| Switch focused window |
Alt-Tab, Shift-Alt-Tab (reverse order) |
Cmd-tab, Shift-Cmd-Tab |
Alt-Tab, Shift-Alt-Tab |
Alt-Tab, Shift-Alt-Tab |
| Switch focus to the next or previous window (without dialog) |
Alt-Escape |
Ctrl-F4 |
|
Alt-Escape / Alt-Shift-Escape |
| Switch focus to the next or previous panel on the desktop |
|
|
|
Ctrl-Alt-Tab, Shift-Ctrl-Alt-Tab |
| Switch focus to the next or previous panel (without dialog) |
|
|
|
Ctrl-Alt-Escape / Shift-Ctrl-Alt-Escape |
| Pop up window menu |
Alt-Space |
|
Alt-F3 |
Alt-Space |
| Close the focused window |
Alt-F4 or Ctrl-F4 varies [1] |
Cmd-W |
Alt-F4 |
Alt-F4 |
| Restore the focused to its previous size |
|
|
|
Alt-F5 |
| Move the focused window |
Alt-Space, m, arrow keys |
|
|
Alt-F7 |
| Resize the focused window |
Alt-Space, s, arrow keys |
|
|
Alt-F8 |
| Minimize the focused window |
Alt-Space, n |
Cmd-M |
Win-Minus |
Alt-F9 |
| Maximize the focused window |
Alt-Space, x |
|
Win-Plus |
Alt-F10 |
| Maximize horizontally |
|
|
Win-Equal |
|
| Maximize vertically |
|
|
Win-Space |
|
| Minimize all |
Win-M |
|
|
|
| Undo minimize all |
Win-Shift-M |
|
|
|
| Switch fullscreen/normal size |
F11 |
|
F11 |
|
| Show the window in full screen mode, with no border, menubar, toolbar or statusbar |
|
Depends on application |
Ctrl-Shift-F |
Ctrl-F11 |
| Rollup/down window |
|
Cmd-M |
Win-Underscore |
Alt-F12 |
| Move window to left/right/up/down workspace |
|
|
|
Shift-Alt-Left/Right/Up/Down |
| Move window to desktop X |
|
|
Win-Alt-FX |
|
| Switch to next/previous desktop |
|
Fn-Right / Fn-Left (Leopard) |
Win-Tab / Win-Shift-Tab |
|
| Switch to next/previous desktop list |
|
|
Ctrl-Tab / Ctrl-Shift-Tab |
|
| Go to desktop X |
|
|
Ctrl-(Shift)FX |
|
| Go to left/right/up/down desktop |
|
|
|
Ctrl-Alt-Left/Right/Up/Down |
| Show / hide desktop |
Win-M (show) / Win-Shift-M (Hide) |
|
Ctrl-Alt-D |
Ctrl-Alt-D |
| Activate window demanding attention |
|
|
Ctrl-Alt-A |
|
| Kill window |
Alt-F4 or Ctrl-F4 varies [1] |
Cmd-Alt-Escape |
Ctrl-Alt-Escape |
|
| Mouse emulation |
|
|
Alt-F12 |
|
| Close dialog |
Esc |
Esc |
|
|
| Widget navigation |
Tab, Shift-Tab |
|
|
|
| Moves keyboard focus to next/previous control |
Tab, Shift-Tab |
|
Tab, Shift-Tab |
Tab, Shift-Tab |
| Pop up tooltip for currently-focused control |
Shift-F1 |
|
|
Ctrl-F1 |
| Show context-sensitive help for currently-focused window or control |
Shift-F1 |
Cmd-? |
Shift-F1 |
Shift-F1 |
| Give focus to next/previous pane |
Ctrl-F6 or Alt-F6 |
Cmd-` |
|
F6, Shift-F6 |
| Give focus to splitter bar in paned window |
|
|
|
F8 |
| Give focus to window's menu bar |
F10 |
Ctrl-F2 |
Alt |
F10 |
| Pop up contextual menu for currently-selected objects |
Shift-F10, Menu |
|
Windows key |
Shift-F10 |
| Toggle selected state of focused checkbox, radio button, or toggle button |
Space |
Space |
Space |
Space |
| Activate focused button, menu item etc. |
Enter |
Enter/Return |
Enter/Return |
Enter/Return |
| Select/move to first item in selected widget |
|
|
Home, End |
Home, End |
| Scroll selected view by one page up/left/down/right |
|
|
|
PageUp, Ctrl-PageUp, PageDown, Ctrl-PageDown |
| Tab management |
|
|
|
|
| Create new tab |
|
Cmd-T |
Ctrl-Shift-N / Ctrl-T |
Ctrl-T |
| Go to next/previous tab |
Ctrl+Tab, Ctrl+Shift+Tab |
Cmd-{ or Cmd-Shift-Left, Cmd-} or Cmd-Shift-Right (Safari) |
Ctrl-,/Ctrl-. |
Ctrl-PageUp/PageDown |
| Desktop navigation |
|
|
|
|
| Run new application |
Win+R |
|
Alt-F2 |
Alt-F2 |
| Open new browser window with same page as current |
Ctrl+N |
|
|
|
| Start menu / Applications menu |
Win, Ctrl-Esc |
Cmd-Shift-A |
Win |
Alt-F1 |
| Copy a screenshot to clipboard |
Ctrl-Print Screen |
Cmd-Ctrl-Shift-3 (Cmd-Shift-3 to create as a file on the desktop) |
Ctrl-Print |
Print |
| Copy a screenshot of window to clipboard |
Alt-Print Screen |
Cmd-Ctrl-Shift-4 then Space (Cmd-Shift-4 to create as a file on the desktop) |
Alt-Print |
Alt-Print |
| Lock desktop |
Win-L |
|
Ctrl-Alt-L |
Ctrl-Alt-L |
| Show desktop |
Win-D |
F11 |
|
| Switch active user |
Win-L [4] |
|
Ctrl-Alt-L |
|
| Task manager |
Ctrl-Shift-Esc, Ctrl-Alt-Del (XP only) |
Cmd-Opt-Esc |
|
|
| Show help |
F1 |
F1 or Cmd-? |
F1 |
F1 |
Below is a list of common keyboard shortcuts that are used in a command line environment.
| Action |
Windows (Cmd.exe) |
Unix, Mac OS X (bash) |
| Scroll through History of typed commands |
up/down |
up/down |
| Signal end-of-file |
Ctrl-Z |
Ctrl-D |
| Signal break |
Ctrl-C |
Ctrl-C |
| Erase word to the left |
|
Ctrl-W |
| Erase line to the left |
|
Ctrl-U |
| Erase line to the right |
|
Ctrl-K |
| Move to beginning of line |
Home |
Ctrl-A |
| Move to end of line |
End |
Ctrl-E |
- ^ a b c d There is no single consistent shortcut for closing a document or quitting an application in Windows XP. In many multiple document interface applications, Ctrl-W or Ctrl-F4 closes a document and Alt-F4 quits. In other applications where each document is in its own window, such as later versions of Microsoft Word, Ctrl-W, Ctrl-F4, and Alt-F4 close a document, and there is no consistent shotcut for quitting an application.
- ^ To find text inside a web page in Konqueror, enter slash (/) followed by text. To find links, enter single quote (') followed by text. Find next with F3.
- ^ OS X applications often use a single dialog for both find and replace.
- ^ Takes you to the Switch User-screen when Fast User Switching has been enabled (enabled by default in XP).
[edit] See also
