The Eternal Jew (film)
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| Der ewige Jude | |
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| Directed by | Fritz Hippler |
| Produced by | unknown |
| Written by | Eberhard Taubert |
| Music by | Unknown |
| Distributed by | unknown |
| Release date(s) | 1940 |
| Running time | 62 minutes |
| Language | German |
| Budget | Unknown |
| IMDb profile | |
The Eternal Jew is an antisemitic Nazi propaganda film of 1940. Its title in German is Der ewige Jude, the German term for the character of the "Wandering Jew" in medieval folklore. This film was directed by Fritz Hippler at the insistence of Nazi Germany's Minister of Propaganda, Joseph Goebbels. The writing of the script is credited to Eberhard Taubert. The film consists of feature and documentary footage combined with new materials filmed shortly after the Nazi occupation of Poland. At this time Poland's Jewish population was about 3 million, and roughly 10 percent of the total population of Poland.
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[edit] Format
The movie is done in the style of a documentary, the central thesis being the immutable racial personality traits that characterize the Jew as a wandering cultural parasite. Throughout the film, these traits are contrasted to the Nazi state ideal: while Aryan men find satisfaction in physical labour and the creation of value, Jews only find pleasure in money and a hedonist lifestyle. While members of the Aryan race have a need for aesthetic living, rich Jews live in bug-infested and dirty homes, even though they could afford better. While Western man has an appreciation for Northern culture and imagery, Jews only find satisfaction in the grotesque and decadent. Many things that run contrary to Nazi doctrine are associated with Jewish influence, such as modern art, (cultural) relativism, anarchic and socialist movements, as well as sexual liberation.
The whole film had been created as a means to an end. Viewers are shown pictures that depict people of the Jewish faith as low, vile, and parasitic, and they are constantly referred to as rats. One of the film's underlying objectives was to debase the Jewish people to such an extent, that the natural response to the "Jewish question" would be to exterminate them.
[edit] Plot and content
One of the opening shots of the film shows a pack of rats emerging from a sewer, juxtaposed with a crowd of Jews in a bustling Polish street. Close-ups of individuals show sickly, malformed facial features. The narration explains how just as rats are the vermin of the animal kingdom, Jews are the vermin of the human race and similarly spread disease and corruption. Unlike rats, however, the narrator continues, Jews have the uncanny ability to change their appearance and blend into their "human hosts." A scene depicts four bearded men in traditional Jewish costume, then shows them shaved and in modern business suits, while the narrator explains that only a "trained eye" can distinguish their Jewish features. In this scene, the men's eyes roam from one side of the shot to the other as they smile at the camera--the men, who were filmed at gunpoint, were following the soldiers whose rifles were aimed at them.
Other scenes include footage of notable figures such as Albert Einstein (placed adjacent to a series of images about Jewish control of the pornography industry), socialist leader Rosa Luxemburg, and even Charlie Chaplin, who was not Jewish but who managed to earn Adolf Hitler's wrath through his own film, The Great Dictator. Other noted figures are clearly taken out of context as well: for example, the Jewish actor Peter Lorre is shown in a scene from Fritz Lang's film M, in which he played a child murderer. A sequence from the American film The House of Rothschild is shown, with misleading German subtitles.
Scenes of Jewish life in Poland were also staged to make the Jews objects of ridicule. Adam Czerniakow, whom the Nazis appointed head of the Judenrat (Jewish Council), is shown seated in front of a seven-branched menorah (candelabra), gesticulating wildly at the director's insistence, because "that is how Jews speak."
Toward the end of the film, after showing how Jews have been responsible for the decline of Western music, science, art, and commerce, is a scene of a cow being slaughtered for meat by a shochet (Jewish ritual slaughter), which is prefaced by a warning similar to the one in Frankenstein (1931 film), telling women, children, and the squeamish about the upcoming scene. This long scene, lasting several minutes, shows the cows and sheep in all their death throes. The movie’s creators decided to film this scene with the knowledge that Adolf Hitler was opposed to killing and eating animals, and despised people who did such things. It comes as no surprise then, that the kosher slaughter of cattle and lambs at the end of the film was highly effective at eliciting such a response from Hitler.
Hitler’s own climatic speech near the end of the film gives a frightening view of what was yet to come during World War II. After over an hour of describing and explaining the problems of the Jewry in Europe, Hitler’s speech tries to bring everything in the film to the ultimate conclusion: “If the international finance-Jewry inside and outside Europe should succeed in plunging the nations into a world war yet again, then the outcome will not be the victory of Jewry, but rather the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe ! [1]”
[edit] Public response
Though it was released in German cinemas in 1940, the film was a failure. Audiences that had been accustomed to the elegant filmwork of directors such as Leni Riefenstahl in Triumph of the Will and Olympia and even to such popular anti-Semitic features as Jud Süß found that this film was exaggerated and extreme. Nevertheless, Hippler, who was Goebbels's favorite director, remained in Poland to continue "documenting" Jewish life. Despite the obvious bias, his later footage, particularly of the uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto is historically valuable because it is the only filmed record of the event.
Unser Wille und Weg, a Nazi Party monthly aimed at propagandists provides a rationale for why “The Eternal Jew” was made. The author of the essay “The Film of a 2000-Year Rat Migration[2],” who remains anonymous believes that the film shows “a full picture of Jewry,” and provides the best treatment of this parasitic race.
The author relates the Jews move from Middle East to Egypt and their following of German colonists to rats traveling as a group, who even then displayed the same “criminal traits” that they still displayed. The film is complimented for its portrayal of the Jews' vulgar methods and the “brutality and all-devouring hatred they exhibit when they reach their goal and control finance[3].”
Also called into question is the slaughtering method which causes the author to question the “so-called Jewish religion [4],” as butchers do their work with grins on their face.
In closing, the author states that the film will be a valuable tool in the struggle to break the Jews “power over us. We are the initiators of the fight against world Jewry, which now directs its hate, its brutal greed and destructive will toward us. We must win this battle for ourselves, for Europe, for the world[5].”
[edit] Postwar significance
Post-war Fritz Hippler contended that Joseph Goebbels was truly the creator of The Eternal Jew with close supervision of Hitler. It was Goebbels who gave Hippler credit as a reward of sorts “for his excellent work in the newsreel department” (Winkel, Roel. Nazi German’s Fritz Hippler, 1909- 2002. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television. Carfax Publishing. Vol 23, No 2, 2003. 91-99.).
An unrepentant Fritz Hippler was interviewed in the Emmy Award winning program "The Propaganda Battle" in the PBS series Walk Through the Twentieth Century. In this interview he explains that he regrets that his name was listed as the director of The Eternal Jew because the Allies interrogated him after the war. He thought this was very unfair because, in his opinion, he had nothing to do with the killing of Jews. In an interview shown in the 2000 German documentary series Holocaust, the 90-year old Hippler described the film as "the most disgraceful example of anti-semitism".
The film has been banned for public use in Germany, the only exception is use in college classrooms and other academic gatherings, however exhibiters must have formal education in "media science and the history of the Holocaust". *The Eternal Jew - a Blueprint for Genocide
[edit] 1933 film
The same title had been used for a Yiddish-language picture made in the US by the Jewish Talking Picture Company in 1933.
[edit] See also
- List of films made in the Third Reich
- National socialist film policy
- The International Jew
- Henry Ford
- Protocols of the Elders of Zion
| Preceded by Feldzug in Polen (1940) |
Hippler Propaganda films The Eternal Jew (1940) |
Succeeded by Die Frontschau (1941-1943) |
