The Gods Themselves
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 Cover of first edition (hardcover) |
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| Author | Isaac Asimov |
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| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Genre(s) | Science fiction novel |
| Publisher | Doubleday |
| Released | 1972 |
| Media type | Print (Hardcover & Paperback) |
| Pages | 288 pp |
| ISBN | ISBN 0-385-02701-X |
The Gods Themselves is a 1972 science fiction novel written by Isaac Asimov. It won the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1972 and the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1973.
The book is divided into three main parts, originally published in magazine form as three consecutive stories. The first chapter of the first part of the book is numbered Chapter 6 because the beginning of chapter 6 is somewhat of an intro to the real Chapter 1, which begins "It had happened thirty years before." Thereafter, most of the series of chapters 1-5 end with a part of chapter 6. After Chapter 5, Chapter 6 concludes and moves to Chapter 7.
Contents |
[edit] Plot summary
The main plotline is a conspiracy by the aliens who inhabit a parallel universe with different physical laws than ours, with the final aim of turning our Sun into a supernova, and collecting the resulting energy for their use.
[edit] First part: Against Stupidity...
The first part takes place on Earth. Frederick Hallam, a scientist of limited ability but with a fiercely protective ego, responds to a snide remark from a colleague with a furious effort that ends in him accidentally discovering a cheap, clean, and apparently endless source of energy: the "Electron Pump", which trades matter between our universe and a parallel one, yielding a nuclear reaction in the process. The development process inextricably ties Hallam to the Pump in the mind of the people, vaulting him into an incredibly high position in public opinion and winning him high power and position and a Nobel Prize to boot.
An idealistic young physicist, Lamont, while writing a history of the Pump, comes into conflict with Hallam and begins to question the official history of its discovery. Challenging Hallam destroys Lamont's career, which in turn motivates him to bring Hallam down. In the course of trying to prove that Hallam actually stole the idea from another scientist, Lamont discovers that the Pump is in fact creating a dangerous situation which could cause the Sun to become a supernova (the pump increases the sun's strong nuclear force, causing it to burn up its fuel faster). He attempts to demonstrate this to several others in the scientific community, but seduced by the cheap, clean energy source, and unwilling to take Hallam on face-to-face for fear of suffering Lamont's own fate, no one is willing to listen to him.
[edit] Second part: ...The Gods Themselves...
The second part takes place in the parallel universe. This part is remarkable because Asimov rarely describes aliens, preferring tales of humans and robots, but this time he goes into considerable detail.
His aliens have three "semi-mature" sexes (known, for their presumably amorphous form, as soft ones) with fixed roles for each sex, and one "mature" form, (known as hard ones).
- Rationals - Called "lefts", rationals are the logical and scientific sex. Rationals are identified with masculine pronouns and produce a form of sperm.
- Emotionals - Called "mids", emotionals are the intuitive sex. Emotionals are identified with the feminine pronouns and provide the energy needed for reproduction.
- Parentals - Called "rights", parentals bear and raise the offspring. Parentals are identified with masculine pronouns.
The differences in the laws of physics in the parallel universe mean that the aliens' bodies do not have the same material properties as living matter in this universe. Instead of consuming material which is then converted into energy, the aliens absorb it directly from sunlight. The different sexes can "melt" (the younger ones can somehow overcome the repulsion between atoms and melt into walls) and merge together physically, their analog of sex. Rationals and Parentals can do this to some extent independently, but in the presence of an Emotional, they can become essentially immaterial and the "melt" becomes total, the three bodies coming together into one (but also resulting in blackout and memory loss during the "melt"), and only this can result in "impregnation" of the Parental by the Emotional and Rational.
It is eventually revealed that once a family of soft ones, or "triad" in the novel's terminology, has produced enough children to maintain a stable population of the three semi-mature types, they fuse permanently into a single individual of the species' fully mature form - in fact, they temporarily form this same individual whenever they melt, but have no memory of having been a single whole afterwards. This fact is kept carefully concealed by the mature population from the semi-mature population, for complex social reasons. The fully mature hard ones also regulate much of the alien society, among other things allocating members of a triad and acting as teachers and mentors to the Rationals.
An oddball Emotional who exhibits traits normally associated with Rationals, Dua, learns about her universe's end of the Pump. She also discovers the supernova problem that Lamont uncovered in the first section, and is outraged that the Pump is allowed to continue to operate despite the fact that it will eventually result in the destruction of another civilization, and attempts to put a stop to the project. She cannot persuade her own species to abandon the pump, as they have no choice but to use it - their own sun is dying and can no longer provide the energy they need to continue to reproduce, and the only other source of energy is the electron pump. The majority decision is that, while their continued use of the pump will destroy earth and its solar system, abandoning it will result in their own extinction and thus cannot be done. It is revealed that the messages Lamont had received in the first section were transmitted by Dua. Eventually, she loses sufficient energy to continue her existence after trying to stop the Pump and when the triad she is part of is ready to "pass on", she realizes that she will become one of the hard ones she had been fighting - in fact, her triad has always been, when fused, Estwald himself, the original inventor of the pump.
[edit] Third part: ...Contend in Vain?
The third part of the novel takes place on the Moon, where a cynical, middle-aged, physicist named Denison, who had been apprised of the danger by Lamont in the first part, finds a solution that harms no one and greatly benefits humanity: he taps into yet another parallel universe, that exists in a pre-big bang state (a cosmic egg or cosmeg), where physical laws are different and, in fact, opposite to the ones in Dua's universe. The exchange with the second parallel universe both produces more energy at little or no cost (which is a pleasant side effect for the Lunar residents, who had been unable to establish electron pumps), and balances out the changes from the use of the Electron Pump, resulting in a return to equilibrium.
Denison is helped by a Lunarian tourist guide named Selene, who is secretly an Intuitionist (a genetically engineered human with super human intuition). In the end, Selene and Denison also foil a plot to use the new power source to move the moon out of earth orbit. In a pleasingly symmetrical fashion, it is revealed that it was Denison who, so many years ago, was the colleague whose snide remark set Hallam on his path to immortality.
[edit] Asimov's relationship to the story
In a February 12, 1982 letter Asimov identified this as his favorite SF novel ("Yours, Isaac Asimov" page 225). Asimov's short story "Gold", one of the last he wrote in his life, describes the efforts of fictional computer animators to create a "compu-drama" from the novel's second section.
Asimov took the names of the immature aliens — Odeen, Dua, and Tritt — from the words One, Two, and Three in the language of his native Russia. The mature alien's name, Estwald, was perhaps inspired by German-Russian Wilhelm Ostwald (1853–1932), inventor of the Ostwald process — a key development in the production of fertilisers and explosives.[citation needed] Asimov's inspiration for the title of the book, and its three sections, was a quotation by Friedrich Schiller (1759–1805): "Mit der Dummheit kämpfen Götter selbst vergebens." ("Against stupidity the gods themselves contend in vain.")
Asimov describes a conversation in January 1971 when Robert Silverberg had to refer to an atom isotope — just an arbitrary one — as an example. Silverberg said Plutonium-186. "There is no such isotope", said Asimov,"and such a one can't exist either." "So, what?", said Silverberg. Later Asimov figured out under what conditions Plutonium-186 actually could exist, and what complications and consequences it might imply. Asimov reasoned that it must belong to another universe with other physical laws, specifically different submolecular forces would be necessary to allow a PU-186 nucleus to hold itself together. He began to write down his ideas, which gradually grew into this book.
| Preceded by A Time of Changes by Robert Silverberg |
Nebula Award for Best Novel 1972 |
Succeeded by Rendezvous with Rama by Arthur C. Clarke |
| The novels of Isaac Asimov |
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Robot Series: The Caves of Steel | The Naked Sun | The Robots of Dawn | Robots and Empire |
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