Togarmah
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In the Torah, Togarmah is listed in the genealogy of nations as the son of Gomer, and grandson of Japheth (Gen. 10:3).
According to traditional Armenian and Georgian accounts, both these peoples as well as several other Caucasian peoples are the descendants of Togarmah (Armenian: Thorgom, Թորգոմ; Georgian: Thargamos, თარგამოს). Furthermore, the local names for Armenia (Hayq) and Georgia (Kartli/Sakartvelo) come allegedly from sons of Thogarmas, Haik (Հայք) and Kartlos (ქართლოს), respectively.
According to other records, he is regarded as the ancestor of the Turkic-speaking peoples. For example, in King Joseph's Reply, the Khazar monarch writes:
- "You ask us also in your epistle: "Of what people, of what family, and of what tribe are you?" Know that we are descended from Japhet, through his son Togarmah. I have found in the genealogical books of my ancestors that Togarmah had ten sons. These are their names: the eldest was Ujur, the second Tauris, the third Avar, the fourth Uauz, the fifth Bizal, the sixth Tarna, the seventh Khazar, the eighth Janur, the ninth Bulgar, the tenth Sawir." (These are the mythical founders of tribes that once lived in the neighborhood of the Black and Caspian Seas).
1. Agiôr 2. Tirôsz 3. Avôr 4. Ugin 5. Bizel 6. Tarna 7. Kazar 8. Zagur 9. Balgôr 10. Szavvir (szabir).
Joszef Ben-Gorion: "Tugarma's ten clans are these: 1. Kozar 2. Pacinak 3. Aliqanosz 4. Bulgar 5. Ragbiga (Ragbina, Ranbona) 6. Turqi 7. Buz 8. Zabuk 9. Ungari 10. Tilmac (Tilmic)."
In Arabic records, Togorma's tribes are these: 1. Khazar 2. Badsanag 3. Asz-alân 4. Bulghar 5. Zabub 6. Fitrakh (Kotrakh?) 7. Nabir 8. Andsar (Ajhar) 9. Talmisz 10. Adzîgher. The Arabic account also adds an 11th clan: Anszuh.
In the Book of Ezekiel (27:14, 38:6), the descendants of Togarmah are described as trading horses and mules in Tyre and elsewhere in the Levant. Here Togarmah may refer to Armenians or Cimmerians.
'According to Fausset's Bible Dictionary "Zondervan Publishing House" (22ed printing 1980) page 695:'
Son of Gomer, brother of Ashkenaz and Riphat(Gen.X.3).Answering to Armenia.From toka, Sanskrit for "tribe" and Armah "Armenia". The Armenians represent Haik to be their founder and son of Thorgau(Moses Khoren i.4, 9-11). The Phrygians, a people that overspread Asia Minor, probably migrated from Armenia, their language resembled the Armenian(Eudoxus, in Steph. Byz.on Armenia). The Phrygian was indo-Germanic, as inscription prove, and resembled Greek(Plato, Cratyl). In Ezekial xxvii 14 Togarmah appears trading with Tyre for hourses and mules; so Strabo (xi 13§9)makes Armenia famous for breading hourses. In Ezek.xxxviii.6 Togarmah comes with Gomer from the north against Palastine; this and Gen. x 3 imply Togarmah's connection with japhetic races, which modern reaserches confirme as to Armenia.The Armenian connection with the Celts (Gomer, i.e. the Cimbri, Cimmerians, Crimea, Cymry),implied in Togarmah being Gomer's son, is not unlikely.
The Imperial Dictionary makes Togarmah to mean the Turkomans who have always joined the Turks, i.e. Gog (Ezekial xxxviii, 1-6)or the king of the north (Daniel xi, 40); Bochart makes Goghasan the original form, among the Colchians, Armenians, and Chaldaens, for wich the Greeks Caucasus.
