Treaty 4
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Treaty 4 was a treaty established between the Government of Canada and the Cree and Saulteaux First Nations. The area covered by Treaty 4 represents most of current day southern Saskatchewan, plus small portions of what are today western Manitoba and southeastern Alberta. This treaty is also called the Qu'appelle Treaty, as its first signings were conducted at Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan on 15 September 1874. Additional signings or adhesions would continue until September 1877.
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[edit] Reasons for the Treaty
The Government of Canada negotiated the first five Numbered Treaties to gain land from the First Nations for settlement, agricultural, and industry. Also, Prime Minister John A. Macdonald needed the land to complete his dream, a transcontinental railway, which would run through the cites of Regina, Moose Jaw, and Swift Current in southern Saskatchewan.
[edit] Terms of the Treaty
Each family of 5 covered by Treaty 4 would receive 2.5 square km of land, which they could sell back to the Government of Canada for compensation. Each person received $5 a year and a gift of clothing. A chief would receive $25 immediately plus and additional $25 per year, along with a coat and a silver medal. Every three years, a chief would receive a new suit of clothing. Four people of each band would also receive $15 a year and and new suit of clothing every three years. The people would also receive farming tools, and $750 annually for gunpowder, shot, bale and fishing net twine. Each reserve would get a school when they desired a teacher. The people would also have the right to hunt and fish on all ceded land, except that land used for agriculture, forestry, mining, or on any land that was settled.
[edit] Timeline
- 15 September 1874: first signings at Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan
- 21 September 1874: Fort Ellice signing
- 8 September 1875: Qu'Appelle Lakes signing
- 9 September 1875: additional Qu'Appelle Lakes signing
- 24 September 1875: Swan Lake signing
- 24 August 1876: Fort Pelly signing
- 25 September 1877: Fort Walsh signing
[edit] List of Treaty 4 First Nations
- Manitoba
- Gamblers First Nation
- Pine Creek First Nation
- Rolling River First Nation
- Sapotaweyak Cree Nation
- Tootinaowaziibeeng Treaty Reserve First Nation
- Waywayseecappo First Nation
- Wuskwi Sipihk First Nation
- Saskatchewan
- Carry The Kettle First Nation
- Cote First Nation
- Cowessess First Nation
- Day Star First Nation
- Fishing Lake First Nation
- Gordon First Nation
- Kahkewistahaw First Nation
- Kawacatoose First Nation
- Keeseekoose First Nation
- The Key First Nation
- Kinistin First Nation
- Little Black Bear First Nation
- Muscowpetung First Nation
- Muskowekwan First Nation
- Nekaneet First Nation
- Ocean Man First Nation
- Ochapowace First Nation
- Okanese First Nation
- Pasqua First Nation
- Peepeekisis First Nation
- Pheasant Rump Nakota First Nation
- Piapot First Nation
- Sakimay First Nation
- Standing Buffalo First Nation *Did Not Sign The Original Treaty But Still Recognized
- Star Blanket First Nation
- White Bear First Nation
- Yellow Quill First Nation
[edit] External links
- Indian and Northern Affairs Canada: Treaty 4 text
- Manitoba Chiefs: First Nations Treaties with the British Crown
| The Numbered Treaties |
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Treaty 1 | Treaty 2 | Treaty 3 | Treaty 4 | Treaty 5 | Treaty 6 | Treaty 7 | Treaty 8 | Treaty 9 | Treaty 10 | Treaty 11 |
