Type 212 submarine
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| Type 212 Multi Purpose Submarine | |
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| Class Overview | |
| Class Type | Multi Purpose Submarine |
| Class Name | Type 212 |
| Preceded By | Type 206 submarine |
| Ships of the Class: | U31, U32, U33, U34, Salvatore Todaro, Sciré |
The German Type 212 is an advanced design of non-nuclear U-Boat developed by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft AG (HDW) for the German Navy. It features diesel propulsion with an air-independent propulsion (AIP) system using Siemens polymer electrolyte module (PEM) hydrogen fuel cells. The submarine can operate at high speed on diesel power or switch to the AIP system for silent slow cruising, staying submerged for up to three weeks without surfacing and with no exhaust heat. The system is also said to be vibration-free, extremely silent and virtually undetectable.
Type 212 is the first of the only two fuel cell propulsion system equipped submarines ready for series production by 2007, the other being the Project 677 Lada class submarine designed by Russian Rubin Design Bureau.
The German government in 1998 placed an initial order of four Type 212 submarines. Because of significant updates to the design the designation was changed to Type 212A since then. The German Submarine Consortium built them at the shipyards of HDW and Thyssen Nordseewerke GmbH (TNSW) of Emden. Different sections of the submarines were constructed at both sites at the same time and then half of them were shipped to the respective other yard so that both HDW and Thyssen Nordseewerke assembled two complete submarines each. In 2006, 2 more submarines (with some improvements) were ordered by the German Navy, which will be delivered from 2012 on. Those boats will have an increased length by 1.20 meters due to additional space for a new reconnaissance mast.
Salvatore Todaro, a Type 212A built by Fincantieri for the Marina Militare (Italian Navy), was commissioned in March 2006, and her sister Sciré was commissioned in May 2006. Two more Italian Type 212As are planned.
Three Dolphin class submarines built for the Israeli Navy are of a similar design, but using conventional diesel-electric propulsion.
Contents |
[edit] List of ships
| Country | Pennant number |
Name | Laid down |
Launched | Commissioned |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | S181 | U31 | March 2002 | October 19, 2005 | |
| Italy | S526 | Salvatore Todaro | July 3, 1999 | November 6, 2003 | March 29, 2006 |
| Germany | S182 | U32 | December 2003 | October 19, 2005 | |
| Germany | S183 | U33 | September 2004 | June 13, 2006 | |
| Italy | S527 | Sciré | May 27, 2000 | December 18, 2004 | May 2006 |
| Germany | S184 | U34 | July 2006 |
[edit] General characteristics
- Displacement: 1450 tonnes surfaced, 1830 tonnes submerged
- Length: 56 m, 57,2 m (2nd batch)
- Beam: 7 m
- Draft: 6 m
- Propulsion:
- 1 MTU 16V 396 diesel-engine[1]
- 9 HDW/Siemens PEM fuel cells, 30-40 kW each (U31)
- 2 HDW/Siemens PEM fuel cells 120 kW (U32, U33, U34)
- 1 Siemens Permasyn electric motor 1700 kW, driving a single seven-bladed skewback propeller
- Speed: 20 knots (37 km/h) submerged, 12 knots surfaced[2]
- Depth: over 250 m (official)
- Range:
- 8.000 nautical miles (14.800 km) at 8 knots (15 km/h) surfaced
- Endurance: 3 weeks without snorkeling, 12 weeks overall
- Armament:
- 6 x 533 mm torpedo tubes (in 2 foward-pointing groups of 3) with 12 torpedoes
- 24 external naval mines (optional)
- Countermeasures:
- Sensors:
- STN Atlas DBQS40 sonar suite:
- TAS-3 passive low-frequency towed array sonar (deployed from sail)
- FAS-3 passive low-, and medium-frequency hull-mounted flank array sonar
- MOA 3070 mine detection sonar
- Periscopes:
- Carl Zeiss SERO 14, with FLIR and optical rangefinder
- Carl Zeiss SERO 15, with laser range-finder
- Kelvin Hughes Type 1007 I band navigation radar
- EADS FL 1800U ESM suite
- STN Atlas DBQS40 sonar suite:
- Crew complement: 23-27(incl. 5 officers)
[edit] Design
Partly owing to the "X" arrangement of the stern planes, the Type 212 is capable of operating in as little as 20 metres of water, allowing it to come much closer to shore than most contemporary submarines. This gives it an advantage in rescue operations, as SCUBA-equipped commandos operating from the boat can surface close to the beach and execute their mission more quickly and with less effort.
A notable design feature is the prismatic hull cross-section and smoothly faired transitions from the hull to the sail, improving the boat's stealth characteristics. The ship and internal fixtures are constructed of nonmagnetic materials, reducing significantly chances of it being detected by magnetometers or setting off magnetic naval mines.
| Groundbreaking submarines |
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[edit] AIP propulsion
Although hydrogen-oxygen propulsion had been considered for submarines as early as World War I, the concept was not very successful until recently due to fire and explosion concerns. In the Type 212 this has been countered by storing the fuel and oxidizer in tanks outside the crew space, between the pressure hull and outer light hull. The gases are piped through the pressure hull to the fuel cells as needed to generate electricity, but at any given time there is a very small amount of gas present in the crew space.
[edit] Weapons
Currently, the Type 212A is capable of launching the wire-guided DM2A4 Seehecht ("Seahake") heavyweight anti-shipping torpedoes or short-range missiles from its six torpedo tubes, which use a water ram expulsion system. Future capability may include tube-launched cruise missiles.
The short-range missile IDAS (based on the IRIS-T missile), primarily against air threats, but also against small or medium-sized sea- or near land targets, is currently being developed by Bodenseewerke Diehl to be fired from Type 212's torpedo tubes. IDAS is fiber-optic guided with a range of approx. 20 km. Four missiles fit in one torpedo tube, stored in a revolver magazine.[3] First deliveries of IDAS for the German Navy are scheduled from 2009 on.
Also a 30 mm auto-cannon called Muräne (moray) to support diver operations or to give warning shots is being considered. The cannon, probably a version of the RMK30 built by Rheinmetall, will be stored in a retractable mast and can be fired without the boat emerging. This mast will also be designed to contain three Aladin UAVs for reconnaissance missions. This mast is likely to be mounted on the 2nd batch of Type 212 submarines for the German Navy.
[edit] References
- ^ MTU 16V 396 diesel engine. Retrieved on 2006-10-08.
- ^ Uboote Klasse 212A. Retrieved on 2006-10-08.
- ^ Diehl BGT IDAS missile. Retrieved on 2006-10-08.
[edit] External links
- German Bundeswehr official Type 212A web page
- naval-technology.com — U212/U214 Attack Submarines, Germany
- Germany Launches Submarine Fuel Cell Era With "U31", Fuel Cell Today, May 20, 2002
- German Type 212A deal bolsters submarine force Jane's Navy International, 28 September 2006
| Ship classes of the Deutsche Marine | |
|---|---|
| Destroyers | 101A Hamburg | 103B Lütjens |
| Frigates and Corvettes | 122 Bremen | 123 Brandenburg | 124 Sachsen | F125 | 130 Braunschweig |
| Fast Attack Craft | 143 Albatros | 143A Gepard | 148 Tiger |
| Mine warfare | 332 Frankenthal | 333 Kulmbach | 352 Ensdorf | 742A Mühlhausen |
| Submarines | 205B | 206A | 212A |
| Auxiliary ships | 404 Elbe | 423 Oste | 441 Gorch Fock | 520 Barbe | 702 Berlin | 703 Walchensee | 704 Rhön | 720 Helgoland | 721 Eisvogel | 722 Wangerooge | 760 Westerwald |
