Tyrrell Racing
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The Tyrrell Racing Organisation was an auto racing team and Formula One constructor founded by Ken Tyrrell and started racing in 1958, but started building its own cars in 1960. The team experienced its greatest success in the early 1970s, when it won three drivers' championships and one constructors' championship with Jackie Stewart. The team never reached such heights again, although it continued to win races through the 1970s and into the early 1980s, taking the final win for the Ford Cosworth DFV engine at Detroit in 1983. The team was bought by British American Tobacco in 1997 and completed its final season as Tyrrell in 1998, before forming the basis for the the new B.A.R. team in 1999.
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[edit] Lower Formulae (1958 - 1967)
Tyrrell Racing first came into being in 1958, running Formula Three cars for Ken Tyrrell and local stars. Realizing he was not racing driver material, Ken Tyrrell stood down as a driver in 1959, and began to run a Formula Junior operation using the woodshed owned by his family business, Tyrrell Brothers, as a workshop. Throughout the 1960s, Tyrrell moved through the lower formulas, variously giving single seater debuts to John Surtees and Jacky Ickx. But the team's most famous partnership was the one forged with Jackie Stewart, who first signed up in 1963.
Tyrrell ran the BRM Formula 2 operation throughout 1965, 1966 and 1967 whilst Stewart was signed to the Formula One team. Tyrrell then signed a deal to run Formula 2 cars made by French company Matra.
[edit] Formula One (1968 - 1998)
[edit] 1960s
With the help of Elf and Ford, Tyrrell then achieved his dream of moving to Formula One in 1968, as team principal for Matra International, a joint-venture established between Tyrrell's own team and the French auto manufacturer Matra. Stewart was a serious contender, winning several Grands Prix in the Tyrrell-run Matra MS10. The car's most innovative feature was the use of aviation-inspired structural fuel tanks. These allowed the chassis to be around 15kg lighter, while still being stronger than its competitors. The FIA considered the technology to be unsafe and decided to ban it for 1970, insisting on rubber bag-tanks.
For the 1969 championship the Matra works team decided not to compete in Formula One. Matra would instead focus its efforts on Ken Tyrrell's 'Matra International' team and build a new DFV powered car with structural fuel tanks, even though it would only be eligible for a single season. Stewart won the 1969 title easily driving the new Cosworth-powered Matra MS80, which corrected most of the weaknesses of the MS10. Stewart's title was the first won by a French chassis, and the only one won by a chassis built in France.[1] It was a spectacular achievement from a team and a constructor that had only entered Formula One the previous year.
[edit] 1970s
For the 1970 season following Matra's merger with Simca, Tyrrell were asked by Matra to use their V12 rather than the Cosworth. Simca was a subsidiary of the American company Chrysler, a rival of Ford. Stewart tested the Matra V12 and found it inferior to the DFV. As a large part of the Tyrrell budget was provided by Ford, and another significant element came from French state-owned petroleum company Elf, which had an agreement with Renault that precluded supporting a Simca partner, Ken Tyrrell had little alternative but to buy a March 701 chassis as interim solution while developing his own car in secret.
Tyrrell was still sponsored by French fuel company Elf, and Tyrrell would retain the traditional French blue racing colours for most of the rest of its existence. Tyrrell and Stewart ran the March-Fords throughout 1970 with mixed success, while Derek Gardner worked on the first in-house Tyrrell Grand Prix car at the woodshed in Ockham, Surrey.
Emerging in 1971, the Tyrrell 001, which bore much resemblance to the MS80, won both drivers' and constructors' championships that year, with a driving strength of Jackie Stewart and François Cevert. Stewart's 1972 challenge was hamstrung by a stomach ulcer, but he returned to full fitness in 1973. He and Cevert finishing 1st and 2nd in the Championship. Tragedy struck on October 6, 1973, as Cevert was killed in practice for the US Grand Prix at Watkins Glen. Stewart, who was to retire at the end of the season, and Tyrrell immediately stood down, effectively handing the Constructor's title to Lotus. At the end of the season Stewart made public his decision to retire, a decision that was already made before the US Grand Prix. Without their star driver or his skilled French protégé aboard, Tyrrell were never serious World Championship contenders again.
Despite this, the team remained a force throughout the 1970s, winning races with Jody Scheckter and Patrick Depailler. Most notable of these was Scheckter's triumph at the 1976 Swedish Grand Prix, giving Tyrrell a 1-2 finish driving the distinctive Derek Gardner designed Tyrrell P34 car. The P34 was the first successful six-wheeler F1 car, which replaced the conventional front wheels with smaller wheels mounted in banks of two on either side of the car. The design was abandoned after Goodyear refused to develop the small tires needed for the car as they were too busy fighting the other tire manufacturers in Formula One.
[edit] 1980s and 1990s
In 1977, the Turbo era dawned in Grand Prix racing, which was, by the mid-1980s, to render normally aspirated engined cars obsolete. Without the proper funding, Tyrrell was the last resistant with the Cosworth DFV at a time all teams had switched to turbocharged engines. It was the beginning of two decades of struggle for Tyrrell, who was often underfunded through lack of sponsorship. It seemed appropriate, then, that the final win for the classic Cosworth Ford DFV engine was taken by a Tyrrell car, Michele Alboreto at the 1983 Detroit Grand Prix. It was also Tyrrell's last Grand Prix win. During the 1984 season, Tyrrell were disqualified from the year's standings after it was discovered they had been illegally putting lead in their fuel tank at the Detroit race.
Tyrrell struggled on through the 1980s and 1990s - although their insubstantial on-track performances were not matched by the sway which Ken Tyrrell held behind the scenes in Grand Prix politics. There was a brief revival of fortunes in the early 1990s. The combination of Harvey Postlethwaite's revolutionary high-nose Tyrrell 019 and Jean Alesi's full debut season in 1990 brought the team two second places at Phoenix and Monaco - Alesi having led 30 laps of the Phoenix race. The French-Sicilian left the next year for Ferrari and, although Honda engines and Braun sponsorship in 1991 and 1992 went some way to making up for this, the team slowly dropped back from the middle of the pack. Eventually, in 1998 and in the face of dwindling form and ill health, Ken was forced to sell his team to British American Tobacco, the team becoming British American Racing. The final race for Tyrrell was the 1998 Japanese Grand Prix, where Ricardo Rosset failed to qualify and team-mate Toranosuke Takagi retired on lap 28 after a collision with a Esteban Tuero's Minardi.
Ken Tyrrell died of cancer on August 25, 2001.
| Preceded by Lotus |
Formula One Constructors' Champion 1971 |
Succeeded by Lotus |
 Tyrrell Racing |
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Formula One cars: 001 | 002 | 003 | 004 | 005 | 006 | 007 | P34 | 008 | 009 | 010 | 011 | 012 | 013 | 014 | 015 | DG016 | 017 | 017B | 018 | 019 | 020 | 020B | 020C | 021 | 022 | 023 | 024 | 025 | 026 |
[edit] External links
[edit] Footnotes
- ^ The Renault F1 chassis which won the constructors' championship in 2005 and 2006 were designed and built in the United Kingdom.
