Paralel Okumalar

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Paralel okumalar Türkiye'de bugün yaşayan kültür ürünü vermiş kişilerin 1950'lerden bu yana dünyada teknoloji ve bilgisayar endüstrisindeki gelişmelere nasıl tepki verdiklerini araştıran bir röportaj dizisidir. Bu araştırmada 50 yıllık bir alan için endüstriyel gelişimde ve kültürel üretimde varolan dönüm noktaları işaretlenecek ve röportajlar bu işaretlere paralel yürüyecektir.

Yapılacak röportajların konusu bu dört kategoriye göre belirlenecek:

Dünyada endüstri ve bilgi teknolojilerinde gelişim
Dünyada kültürel ürünler (resim, film, heykel, mimari, konsept ...)
Türkiye'de endüstri ve bilgi teknolojilerinde gelişim
vb (resim, film, heykel, mimari, konsept ...)

Konu başlıkları

1 Röportaj yapılacak kişiler
2 Dünyada endüstri ve bilgi teknolojilerinde gelişim
3 Sanat/Bilim Zaman/Kavram Sentez
- 3.1 Sorunsallar
- 3.2 Soru Taslaklari
  - 3.2.1 Sanat
  - 3.2.2 Bilim
4 Türkiye'de kültürel üretim
5 Kaynaklar

[değiştir] Röportaj yapılacak kişiler

Cengiz Bektaş, Türkiye'de Mimarlık
Uğur Tanyeli, Türkiye'de modern kültür üretimi
Mustafa Akgül, Turkiye'de bilgisayar ve İnternet tarihi
İsmail Tunalı, Düşünür
Guven Incirlioglu, Sanatci
Fulya Erdemci, Kurator
Basak Senova, Kurator
Adnan Coker, ressam
Aksel Zeydan Goz, ressam

[değiştir] Dünyada endüstri ve bilgi teknolojilerinde gelişim

1945 - discovery of microwave cooking by Raytheon's Percy Spencer
1945 Dec - first operation of ENIAC
1945 - establishment of a computer rearch center in NPL National Physical Laboratory at Teddington (UK) with Alan Turing as project leader
1946 - foundation of Sony and Casio
1947 - creation of ISO International Organization for Standards
1947 Dec - discovery of transistor by Willian Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain in Bell Laboratories, Nobel price 1956
1948 Apr - first audio-recording at ABC using Ampex Model 200 tape audio-recorder
1948 - Claude Shannon at Bell Labs publishes "The Mathematical Theory of Communication"
1949 - First operation of BINAC magnetic tape computer by Eckert & Mauchly for Northrop Aircraft
1950 - establishment of National Science Foundation in the USA
1951 - MIT creates the Lincoln Lab, to develop air defense systems
1952 - UNIVAC, used by CBS, successfully predicts the election of Dwight D. Eisenhower as president of the United States.
1953 - adoption of NTSC National Television Standards Committee color-TV standard, presented by RCA (reversing previous choice of CBS)
1954 - Texas Instruments announces first commercially available transistors
1954 - introduction of Japan-made transistors by Sony
1955 - first delivery of IBM 702 large business computer
1956 - introduction of first battery-operated watch by Lip in France
1957 - Introduction of the Fortran language designed by John Backus on IBM 704
1957 - General Problem Solver, by Allen Newell, J. C. Shaw, and Herbert Simon.
1957 - Noam Chomsky writes Syntactic Structures, helping to understand languages structures
1957 - Soviet Union launches first satellite of Earth, Sputnik.
1957 - U.S. (Eisenhower administration) creates ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency
1958 - Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT founded by John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky
1958 - creation of DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
1958 - John McCarthy creates the programming language LISP at MIT
1959 - introduction of Xerox first commercial copier
1961 - creation of SpaceWar by Steve Russell on MIT's PDP-1
1963 - invention of mouse pointer device by Douglas Englebart at Stanford University
1963 - development of Sketchpad with lightpen at MIT Lincoln Lab by Ivan Sutherland
1963 - introduction of audio-cassette by Philips
1964 - Paul Baran of RAND Corporation published the paper "On Distributed Communications Networks," about secure packet-switching networks
1964 - operation of IBM American Airlines SABRE reservation system using IBM 7090, project initiated in mid-1954
1965 - invention of Eliza by Joe Weizenbaum at MIT
1965 - introduction of DOS on IBM 360
1967 - final version of ASCII-1967 encoding adopted internationally by ISO
1968 - creation of LOGO language by Seymour Papert and Wally Fuerzeigat MIT/BBN
1968 - creation of UNIX operating system at Bell Labs
1969 - introduction of Smalltalk system by Alan Kay at Xerox PARC
1969 Sep - first ARPANet node installed at UCLA by BBN, followed by Stanford Research Institue(SRI), University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB), and Utah University
1969 - First Request for Comment (RFC): "Host Software" by Steve Crocker (7 April)
1971 -ARPANet is 15 nodes (23 hosts): UCLA, SRI, UCSB, Univ of Utah, BBN, MIT, RAND, SDC, Harvard, Lincoln Lab, Stanford, UIU(C), CWRU, CMU, NASA/Ames
1971 - Ray Tomlinson of BBN invents email program to send messages across a distributed network.
1972 - First computer-to-computer chat takes place at UCLA
1972 - RFC 318: Telnet specification
1972 - invention of the C language by Ken Thomson and Dennis Ritchie, of Bell Laboratories
1973 - First international connections to the ARPANET: University College of London (England) via NORSAR (Norway)
1973 - Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn publish "A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection" which specified in detail the design of a Transmission Control Program (TCP).
1973 - invention of Ethernet by Bob Metclaff at Xerox PARC
1974 - introduction of a LCD watch by Seiko
1975 - introduction of IBM 5100 desktop computer
1975 - introduction of Sony's 1/2 in Betamax video-recorder
1975 - incorporation of Micro-Soft
1976 - foundation of Apple by Jobs and Wozniak with Mike Markula (Apple I microcomputer)
1977 - introduction of Apple II based on 6502, designed by Steve Wozniak
1978 - introduction of Atari game console VCS 2600
1978 - Robert Kahn, head of DARPA, initiates the VLSI program (Very-large scale Integration of systems of transistor-based circuits into integrated circuits on a single chip)
1979 - USENET established using UUCP between Duke and UNC by Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis, and Steve Bellovin.
1979 - demonstration of Visicalc spreadsheet software by Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston
1979 - introduction of Walkman mobile audio-playing cassette by Sony
1980 - introduction of Sinclair ZX-80 designed by Jim Westwood
1980 - agreement between IBM and Microsoft about DOS on IBM PC
1980 - ARPANET grinds to a complete halt on 27 October because of an accidentally-propagated status-message virus
1981 - introduction of IBM 5150 Personal Computer, based on Intel 8088 and Microsoft PC-DOS operating system.
1981 - release of Donkey Kong by Nintendo
1981 - The first commercially available portable computer Osborne 1
1982 - DCA and ARPA establish the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), as the protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, for ARPANET. This leads to one of the first definitions of an "internet" as a connected set of networks, specifically those using TCP/IP, and "Internet" as connected TCP/IP internets.
1982 - introduction of Commodore CBM 64
1982 - foundation of Electronic Arts by Trip Hawkins (ex-Apple) for building games on Apple II and Commodore 64
1982 - introduction of Sinclair Spectrum designed by Richard Altwasser
1982 - introduction of Microsoft MS-DOS v2.0
1982 - introduction of AutoCAD by Autodesk
1982 - development of Postscript by John Warnock; foundation of Adobe by Warnock and Charles Geshke
1982 - Olivetti introduces its first personal computer
1982 - release of Wordperfect on IBM PC
1983 - Name server developed at Univ of Wisconsin, no longer requiring users to know the exact path to other systems
1983 - Stuttgart and Korea get connected
1983 - introduction of Apple Lisa
1983 - introduction of Compaq Portable PC with 8088
1983 - announcement of Microsoft MSX software for Japanese microcomputers
1983 - foundation of Thinking Machines Corporation by Hillis, Minsky et al
1983 - introduction of MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface
1983 - creation of C++ programming language by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs
1983 - introduction of CDROM jointly by Philips & Sony
1983 - introduction of Microsoft Windows
1983 - Internet introduces DNS Domain Name System designed by Jon Postel, Paul Mockapetris, and Craig Partridge
1984 - introduction of Apple portable computer
1984 - introduction of X-Windows on UNIX at MIT
1985 - Hewlett-Packard introduces LaserJet printer
1985 – Symbolics.com is assigned on 15 March to become the first registered domain.
1985 - introduction of Amiga 1000, produced later by Commodore, based on MC68000
1985 - introduction of Intel 386 (later qualified DX) processor with 275,000 transistors
1985 - foundation of MIT's Media Lab by Weisner and Nicholas Negroponte
1986 - creation of IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
1986 - foundation of Free Software Foundation by Stallman
1986 - introduction of first Cisco routers
1986 - birth of SGML standard
1986 - development of Postgres , an object-relational data base, at Univ of Berkeley by Michael Stonebraker
1987 - Number of hosts on the Internet breaks 10,000
1987 - foundation of TSMC Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company in Hsin-Chu
1988 - first transatlantic fiber optic cable
1988 - Robert T Morris introduces a worm in the Internet thta lead to the founding of CERT. Morris was the first sentenced under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
1989 - Number of hosts on the Internet breaks 100,000
1990 - invention of Web and HTML, HTTP by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN. First web server Nov 1990 on nxoc01.cern.ch
1990 - release of Nintendo Super Mario 3
1991 - Design of Java programming language
1991 - introduction of Linux 0.02 by Linus Torwalds
1992 - Number of hosts breaks 1,000,000
1992 - creation of Macromedia
1992 - Microsoft releases Windows for Workgroups aka Windows 3.1.1
1993 - creation of Mosaic Web browser for X-Windows by Marc Andreesen and Eric Bima at NCSA National Center for Supercomputer Applications, at University of Illinois
1993 - InterNIC created by NSF to provide specific Internet services
1993 - introduction of digital cellphone network GSM success of GSM with France Télécom (Orange)
1993 – Turkey connects to Internet (NFSNET with backbone speed of 56Kbps) besides Bulgaria (BG), Costa Rica (CR), Egypt (EG), Fiji (FJ), Liechtenstein (LI), Peru (PE), Romania (RO), and Russian Federation (RU)
1993 - introduction of Civilization game created by Sid Meier
1993 - Adobe introduces its .PDF Portable Document Format with its free Acrobat Reader
1994 - foundation of Netscape by Marc Andreesen and Jim Clark
1994 - introduction of Netscape Navigator 1.0
1994 - Arizona law firm of Canter & Siegel "spams" the Internet with email advertising green card lottery services; Net citizens flame back
1994 - The first banner ads appear on hotwired.com in October. They were for Zima (a beverage) and AT&T
1994 - introduction of 256Mb DRAM chip by Samsung Electronics
1995 - Digital releases AltaVista Internet search engine
1995 - incorporation of Yahoo!
1995 - launch of platform independent Java by Sun Microsystems
1995 - introduction of Microsoft Windows 95
1996 - introduction of Palm Pilot PDA
1996 - Sun engineer Jon Bosak leads World Wide Web Consortium team developing XML
1996 - The WWW browser war, fought primarily between Netscape and Microsoft, has rushed in a new age in software development, whereby new releases are made quarterly with the help of Internet users eager to test upcoming (beta) versions.
1997 - introduction of Intel Pentium II (code named Klamath) with 7.5 million transistors
1997 – VRML is popular, used in personal home pages
1998 - E-Commerce, E-Auctions, and Portals are getting popular
1998 - introduction of wireless BlueTooth standard by Intel, IBM....
1998 - foundation of Symbiant between Psion, Nokia, Ericsson and Motorola to port ESCOM operating system on mobile telephones
1998 - foundation of Google by Larry Page and Sergey Brin (from Stanford University)
1999 - The IPv6 Forum was founded by the IETF Deployment WG to drive worldwide deployment
1999 - E-Trade, Online Banking, and MP3 are getting popular
1999 - introduction of Sony's robot dog Aibo
2000 - merge of AOL and Time-Warner
2000 - Napster peer-to-peer file sharing is getting popular
2001 - SETI@Home launches on 17 May and within four weeks its distributed Internet clients provide more computing power than the most powerful supercomputer of its time
2001 - introduction of Mac OS/X by Apple
2001- introduction of Windows XP by Microsoft unifying its lines of operating system
2001 - Ericsson enters in a joint venture with Sony, creating Sony-Ericsson
2001 - introduction of Apple iPod MP3 portable player
2001 - introduction of Microsoft X-Box game console
2002 - RFC 3251: Electricity over IP
2003 - The first official Swiss online election takes place in Anières
2003 - Flash mobs, organized over the Net, start in New York and quickly form in cities worlwide
2003 - Abiline, the Internet2 backbone, upgrade from 2.5Gbps to 10Gbps is completed
2004 - CERNET2, the first backbone IPv6 network in China, is launched by the China Education and Research Network (CERN) connecting 25 universities in 20 cities at speeds of 1-10Gbps

[değiştir] Sanat/Bilim Zaman/Kavram Sentez

1900-1950 : constructivism, surrealism, Dada, and the Bauhaus school, fluxus, op-art, calder, vassarely, moholy-nagy, gaudier-brzeska vb...
1950-1970 : yukariyla eslesecek...
1970-1985 :internete kadar
1985-1995 :internet turkiyeye ulasiyor
1995-2006 :gunumuz

[değiştir] Sorunsallar

Kisilerin dogum tarihlerine gore mi calisiyoruz?:
- 1950 oncesi doganlar
- 1950-60 arasi doganlar
- 1970 sonrasi doganlar seklinde 3 grup yapilabilir, Adnan Coker ilk gruba duserken, Guven Incirlioglu ikinci gruba duser gibi. Her gruba mensup iki kisiyle konussak yeter.Ayni semayi muhendislik tayfasina da uygulariz, simdi muhendislikten 3 adam da yeterli, kim olsun bu adamlar? Ben sanat tarafinin listesini olusturuyorum, onerim farkli alanlardan insanlarla yas gruplarina gore konusmak, yani 1940 dogumlu ressam, 1972 dogumlu kurator vb.Yani her alandan ir adamla konusmaya kalkmadan, elimdeki isimler Guven, Fulya, Feride hoca, Basak Senova, biri genc biri yasli iki ressam, bir mimar .
Sorular hakkinda
- Sorular kac tane?:
- Bilim grubuna ne sorulacak? sanat grubuna ne sorulacak?
- Sozcuk limiti nedir?
- Acaba e-maille mi toplasak yanitlari?

[değiştir] Soru Taslaklari

[değiştir] Sanat

Not: Bu kismi ingilizceden cevrilecek..

How did you become what your are?
What is your best work? or best trait of idea in your works? Why do you think it is the best? What experiences has shaped your best?
What is a good artwork? or best trait of idea in art today? Why do you think so?
What is the effect of your country to your art/ working in art?(supposed answer: diversity / illiteracy)
As an artist/curator/architect/vs born in XXXX what is the specificity of your generation , or do you think there is a any specificity???
What is your relevancy with computers&technology?(ask about other field)

[değiştir] Bilim

How did you become what your are?
What field are you working on? What is the best thing about this field? Why do you think it is the best? What experiences has shaped your best?
What is the effect of your country to your occupation?(supposed answer: limitations / illiteracy)
As a computer scientist born in XXXX what is the specificity of your generation , or do you think there is a any specificity???
What is a good artwork? or best trait of idea in art today? Why do you think so?(ask about other field)

[değiştir] Türkiye'de kültürel üretim

Cumhuriyet öncesi Türk resmi
Cumhuriyet sonrası Türk resmi
- 1950-1990 dönemi
  - Adnan Çoker
  - Fahrünissa Zeid
  - Nuri İyem
- 1990-2005 dönemi
  - Mehmet Güleryüz
  - Bedri Baykam