University of Michigan Health System
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The U-M Health System |
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| Motto | Excellence and Leadership in Patient Care, Research and Education |
| Established | 1850 (U-M Medical School) 1869 (University Hospital) 1997 (U-M Health System) |
| Type | Public |
| Faculty | 2,492 |
| Staff | 18,923 |
| Location | Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA |
| Campus | 128 acres (.58 km²) |
| Nickname | UMHS |
The University of Michigan Health System is the wholly-owned academic medical center of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. It includes the UM Medical School, with its Faculty Group Practice and many research laboratories; and the UM Hospitals and Health Centers unit, which includes University Hospital, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Women's Hospital, numerous outpatient clinics and centers, and the Michigan Visiting Nurses.
The medical center also includes the Michigan Health Corporation, through which UMHS partners with other medical centers and hospital to provide specialized care throughout Michigan. UMHS also partners with Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan in a joint venture called Michigan HealthQuarters, formed in 2007 as a center for healthcare quality research and transformation.
In June 2006, the Hospitals & Health Centers unit finished its 10th straight fiscal year in the black, with an operating margin of 5.5 percent ($79.4 million) on revenues of about $1.44 billion. This was its fifth consecutive year of increasing its operating margin. As a non-profit entity, UMHS uses positive operating margins to fund continued advances in patient care, education, research, and the facilities needed to support these functions.
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[edit] Overview
[edit] Hospital and outpatient care
UMHS is known for providing a broad range of high-quality care, with specialized centers for Alzheimer's disease, cancer, cardiovascular care, depression, diabetes, geriatrics, organ transplant, pediatrics, trauma/burn, vision, and women’s health research and care. Its hospitals have 865 licensed beds, and outpatient care is provided at the main medical campus in Ann Arbor and at numerous satellite locations.[1]
More than 1.6 million outpatient and emergency visits, 44,000 hospital stays, 61,000 surgeries and 4,000 births take place each year at facilities operated by the Hospitals and Health Centers unit of UMHS, including the University Hospital, C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital, Women’s Hospital and Alfred Taubman Health Care Center. The Hospitals & Health Centers unit has nearly 13,000 employees, including 3,500 nurses.[2]
The Michigan Visiting Nurses, a wholly owned part of the Michigan Health Corporation, provides a broad range of high-quality home care services in a 13-county area of southeastern Michigan. These include home nursing, specialty treatments, therapy and palliative care. It also provides public and employer-based immunization services.
The system also operates three helicopters and a Cessna jet in a medical evacuation program called Survival Flight that brings critically ill patients from throughout Michigan and the nation to Ann Arbor for care.
From 1986 to 2006, the Health System included M-CARE, a managed care organization that provided health plans to University faculty, staff, retirees and dependents, and to employees of companies throughout Michigan. In late 2006, due to rapidly changing conditions in the health plan climate and the need for the Health System to focus on its core missions of patient care, research and education, M-CARE was sold to Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan and its Blue Care Network subsidiary.
[edit] Medical school
All 1,600 physicians who treat UM patients have Medical School faculty positions. Patients at many hospitals and clinics in southeastern Michigan also receive UM physicians' care through affiliations with other health institutions, including the VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System.
A total of 683 medical students, 1,010 interns and residents, 503 graduate students and 482 postdoctoral research fellows are currently in training at the Medical School, and more than 15,000 practicing physicians and health professionals receive continuing medical education from U-M courses each year. In addition to the M.D. program and post-M.D. residency and fellowship Graduate Medical Education programs, the Medical School offers master's degree, Ph.D. and post-Ph.D. training in the basic sciences through the Program in Biomedical Sciences (PIBS) and the Horace Rackham School of Graduate Studies.
The Medical School is affiliated with the VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System. All physicians who practice at VA hospital and clinics have U-M faculty appointments, and students receive training there.
[edit] Rankings
UMHS is considered one of the nation’s leading medical and research institutions and has received many awards and honors recognizing its advanced medical care, leading-edge biomedical research and broad range of educational activities.[3]
UMHHC consistently ranks high on the "Honor Roll of America's Best Hospitals" compiled by U.S. News and World Report magazine, and was ranked 12th in the nation in 2006.[4] UMHS was also one of only five academic medical centers to be recognized by the University HealthSystem Consortium in 2006 for demonstrating excellence in delivering high-quality, safe, effective, and equitable care to patients. UMHS also made the Solucient list of the "100 Top Hospitals in the U.S." in 2005, and nearly 300 of its physicians are listed among the "Best Doctors in America." The C.S. Mott Children's Hospital has repeatedly been named to Child Magazine's list of the nation's "Best Children's Hospitals."
The Medical School’s 2,492 faculty provide advanced medical and surgical care, and perform leading-edge scientific research, while training some of the best young doctors and biomedical scientists in the country. The Medical School is ranked 9th in the nation by U.S. News and World Report and has the nation's 10th highest total of research funding from the National Institutes of Health, with NIH funding of $265 million and a total annual research budget of more than $333 million.
[edit] Physical facilities
[edit] Main medical campus
In 2005, the university unveiled a development master-plan for the medical campus and satellite campuses that is expected to add 3 million square feet (270,000 m²) to the existing 5.6 million square feet (500,000 m²).[5]
The current medical campus complex includes facilities for the UM Medical School, which was founded in 1848 as the Department of Medicine and opened to students in 1850. The medical campus complex also includes the Hospitals and Health Centers, which trace their history back to the nation's first university owned and operated hospital which opened in 1869.
Today, the complex includes:
- University Hospital - opened 1986 - 11 stories, 550 beds. Home to adult inpatient medical, surgical, and psychiatric care; 29 operating rooms; the adult and pediatric emergency departments; and diagnostic facilities for adult and some pediatric patients. Also includes large outpatient and inpatient pharmacies, clinical pathology labs, rehabilitation facilities, a cafeteria, a gift shop, a non-denominational chapel, an auditorium, numerous classrooms, and support functions including food preparation, sanitation and medical equipment maintenance.
- C.S. Mott Children's Hospital - opened 1969, expanded in the 1980s and 90s. 8 stories, 200 beds. Home to inpatient care for children and adolescents, including a 15-bed Child & Adolescent Psychiatry unit and the 40-bed Holden Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Includes operating rooms, diagnostic facilities, rehabilitation facilitis, a gift shop, indoor and outdoor play areas, a classroom, a chapel, and some outpatient facilities.
- Women's Hospital Birth Center - opened 1950, moved to the Maternal Child Health Center in 1990. One story, 40 beds. The location for nearly 4,000 normal and high-risk births each year at U-M, and for diagnostic care during pregnancy. Physicians from the departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Family Medicine, and U-M nurse-midwives, assist with births and birth-related care.
- A. Alfred Taubman Health Care Center (Taubman center) - opened 1986. Four stories. Home to outpatient clinics and faculty offices for most sections of the Department of Surgery, most divisions of the Department of Internal Medicine, and the departments of Dermatology, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Otolaryngology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Urology.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center - opened 1997 - Nine stories, four of them for outpatient care, the rest for research laboratories. Home to most cancer diagnosis and outpatient treatment for adults and children. One of only 39 programs in the country to earn the National Cancer Institute's "comprehensive" designation for meeting strict guidelines for extensive, innovative research focused on the development of new treatments as well as cancer prevention and control, and a dedication to providing patient education, community outreach and training for health professionals.
- Cardiovascular Center - opening June 2007 - Seven stories, 48 inpatient beds. Built on the site of the "Old Main" hospital that operated from 1925 to 1986, the CVC clinical building will be the home to most inpatient and outpatient care for adults with cardiovascular disease. It includes 8 operating rooms, 11 suites for interventional procedures, 36 outpatient clinic rooms, a diagnostic suite, an auditorium, cafe and indoor "winter garden" atrium.
- Med Inn Building - Opened 1953, renovated most recently in 2006 - Five stories, 30 hotel beds. The Med Inn hotel within this building serves families who have loved ones in the intensive care units of the hospitals, or have other special needs. The rest of the building includes an outpatient facility for people taking part in clinical trials through the General Clinical Research Center; the Michael S. Aldrich Sleep Disorders Laboratory; the Center for Interventional Pain Medicine; the Vestibular Testing and Vertigo Management Programs; and the Phototherapy and Psoriasis clinics of the Department of Dermatology.
- Towsley Center for Continuing Medical Education - Opened 1969. Two stories. A 52,200 square foot conference center that includes two large auditoriums and smaller classrooms, as well as a Medical Simulation Center for training medical professionals in performing procedures. More than 15,000 physicians and others receive training here each year. Also home to the offices of the Department of Medical Education.
- Medical Science I and II buildings - Opened 1958 (MedSci I) and 1969 (MedSci II) Variable numbers of stories by wing. Home to the Medical School and UMHS administrative offices, and to research laboratories and faculty offices. MedSci II is the main facility for medical student education.
- Medical Science Research Buildings I, II and III - Opened 1986 (MSRB I), 1989 (MSRB II) and 1995 (MSRB III). Variable numbers of stories by building. Home to basic research laboratories and shared "core" facilities for U-M biomedical researchers.
- Taubman Medical Library - Opened 1980. Five stories. Home to one of the nation's largest and finest medical collections, including historical and rare-book collections. Operated by the U-M Library division and open to all. Also home to the Learning Resource Center, a major facility for medical students' learning experience.
- Kresge Complex - Kresge Medical Research I, II and III and Kresge Hearing Research Institute - Built 1954-1955 (Kresge I and II), and 1963 (Kresge II and KHRI). Variable numbers of stories by building. Home to research laboratories including the basic otolaryngology labs of the noted Kresge Hearing Research Institute. Also home to the Michigan Diabetes Research & Training Center and the Upjohn Center for Clinical Pharmacology.
- Biomedical Science Research Building - 6 stories - Opened 2006. Home to 240,000 square feet of research laboratories in the basic biomedical sciences, organized by theme. Also contains a 300-seat auditorium, classrooms, and an atrium with cafe.
- North Ingalls Building - 11 stories - Purchased by the University in 1977; formerly home to the St. Joseph Mercy Hospital (now located in Ypsilanti, Mich.). Home to administative offices for the U-M Hospitals & Health Centers, and for various clinical departments.
- W.K. Kellogg Eye Center - Located on Wall St., across the Huron River from the main medical campus. Opened 1985, expansion broke ground in 2006. Seven stories, including patient care facilities in single-story buildings adjoining the research tower. Home to nearly all adult and pediatric eye care at U-M, and one of the nation's largest vision research centers. An eight-story expansion scheduled to open in 2010 will house all-new clinic space, additional research space for Kellogg scientists, and space for the Brehm Center for Type 1 Diabetes Research and Analysis, named for William and Dee Brehm who gave $44 million toward the building, the center and other programs.
[edit] Satellite facilities
- East Ann Arbor Health and Geriatrics Center - Opened 1996, renovated 2006. Three stories. Home to outpatient clinics in general internal medicine, general pediatrics, obstetrics & gynecology, and the primary and specialty care services of the Turner Geriatric Clinic, part of the U-M Geriatrics Center. Also contains a pharmacy, a patient education center, a blood-draw station and educational facilities. An adjoining suite houses MRI, CT and Mammmography imaging facilities
- Ambulatory Surgery and Medical Procedures Center - Located adjacent to the EAAHGC. Opened in 2006. One story. Home to outpatient surgery and invasive procedures such as colonoscopy.
- Rachel Upjohn Building - Located near the previous two buildings. Opened 2006. Three stories. Home to outpatient psychiatric and substance abuse care for adults and children, and to the research, education and administrative programs of the U-M Depression Center. Named for Rachel Mary (Upjohn) Meader, who with her husband Edwin gave $10 million toward the building's construction.
- Livonia Center for Specialty Care - Located in Livonia, Mich. One story. Home to outpatient surgery and clinics in gastroenterology, Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology and Audiology & Hearing Services, and Urology Services
- Health Centers - Located in several parts of Ann Arbor including Domino's Farms and the Briarwood Mall complex, as well as the neighboring communities of Brighton, Canton, Chelsea, Dexter, Howell, Livonia, Saline and Ypsilanti. Offering outpatient primary and specialty care, and diagnostic services at some locations.
- Other satellite facilities - In addition to the above, UMHS operates an Orthotics & Prosthetics Center, a Spine Program facility, and other facilities in the community. U-M emergency medicine physicians staff the emergency rooms at several local hospitals, and U-M physicians provide specialized services at other hospitals for patients with specific cardiovascular issues, cancer and other diseases.
- Outreach clinics - Among the clinics that UMHS operates alone or in conjunction with other entities are the New Hope Outreach Clinic operated by the Geriatrics Center at the New Hope Baptist Church in Ypsilanti, and the Regional Alliance for Healthy Schools clinics for low-income children and teens at Scarlett Middle School and Stone High School in Ann Arbor, and East Middle School in Ypsilanti.
[edit] Institutional milestones[6][7]
- 1848 The Board of Regents establishes a three-member medical department, known today as the U-M Medical School.
- 1850 The Medical School opens its doors to more than 100 students. They are charged $5 a year for two years of education.
- 1852 Ninety young physicians receive medical diplomas from the U-M.
- 1867 Overall University enrollment reaches an all-time high of 1,255 students; 525 of the students are enrolled in the Medical School.
- 1869 U-M opens the first university-owned medical facility in the United States. The 20-bed hospital is located in the residence of a former professor. It has no wards or operating rooms.
- 1875 U-M adds two wooden pavilions to the hospital. The structure is designed to be "easily burned down in 10 years because it would be badly infected," according to one physician of the time.
- 1880 The Medical School adopts a three-year curriculum, introduces laboratory instruction and assigns grades for the first time.
- 1890 U-M adopts the four-year medical school program still in use today.
- 1891 A new hospital on Catherine Street replaces the old Campus Pavilion Hospital.
- 1899 The Medical School introduces the clinical clerkship. The breakthrough is made possible by the fact that the U-M owns its own hospital (privately owned hospitals would not allow medical students to touch their patients).
- 1900 The U.S. medical community recognizes the Catherine Street Hospital as the largest teaching hospital in the country.
- 1903 The 75-bed Palmer Ward for children opens in the Catherine Street Hospital.
- 1906 The Department of Psychiatry, one of the nation's first such academic departments, is established.
- 1912 The U-M establishes the nation's first Department of Dermatology.
- 1913 U-M researchers introduce the electrocardiogram (EKG) to American physicians.
- 1921 U-M establishes Pediatrics as an independent department, strengthening the University's focus on children.
- 1922 U-M Pediatrician David Murray Cowie introduces iodized salt as a goiter preventive.
- 1925 The University Hospital (also known as the Main Hospital) replaces the Catherine Street Hospital. University Hospital is a 700-bed facility designed to meet the needs of advanced patient care and medical education.
- 1928 University Hospital offers the first physician training program in thoracic surgery. Four years later, U-M physicians perform the world's first successful lung removal.
- 1939 The Neuropsychiatric Institute opens, adjacent to the main hospital.
- 1940 U-M creates the first human genetics program in the United States.
- 1941 The Board of Regents authorizes the establishment of the nation's first hereditary diseases clinic at University Hospital.
- 1950 The U-M Women's Hospital opens its doors.
- 1955 The Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital opens.
- 1956 James Neel creates the first department of human genetics at a medical school in the United States.[8]
- 1968 U-M physicians perform the first heart transplant in Michigan at University Hospital.
- 1969 C.S. Mott Children's Hospital opens as the U-M's first separate children's hospital.
- 1972 U-M builds the James and Lynelle Perinatal Holden Hospital (now called the Holden Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) to care for premature and critically ill infants.
- 1976 U-M establishes the W.K. Kellogg Eye Center. The 32-bed facility provides patient care, education and research in eye diseases. Today, Kellogg is an outpatient facility.
- 1986 A new 11-story, 550-bed adult general University Hospital replaces the old University Hospital. The A. Alfred Taubman Health Care Center, which houses 120 outpatient clinics, is connected to the facility. M-CARE, a managed care organization offering health plans to University staff and faculty, and to employers in southern Michigan, is launched.
- 1990 The expansion of the U-M Hospitals continues with the opening of integrated services for children and women in 221,000 square feet of new space and renovated units in existing hospitals.
- 1997 The Board of Regents officially approves "University of Michigan Health System" as a designation for the U-M Hospitals and Health Centers, Medical School, M-CARE and Michigan Health Corp. Also this year, the U-M moves its cancer and geriatrics clinical and research programs into the $88 million Cancer Center and Geriatrics Center Building, establishes the Center for Gene Therapy and enhances resources for the Center for Organogenesis.
- 2001 The National Institutes of Health awards a record $203 million to the U-M. In addition, this year, the U-M establishes the nation's first comprehensive Depression Center.
- 2003 The U-M breaks ground for a state-of-the-art clinical building for the Cardiovascular Center on the former site of the "Old Main" Hospital, to provide space for clinical care, research and teaching activities focused on the entire spectrum of cardiovascular disease. Also this year, the Medical School begins to implement a new curriculum that integrates biomedical, clinical, and psychosocial sciences with clinical skills and professionalism.
- 2004 The largest gift ever given to the Health System, $44 million from Bill and Dee Brehm, is announced; it includes funds for the Brehm Center for Type 1 Diabetes Research and Analysis, a new Michigan Comprehensive Diabetes Center, faculty positions, and a research facility to be built as part of the expansion of the Kellogg Eye Center.
- 2005 A new Master Plan and Strategic Direction for UMHS are introduced, forming a framework for continued growth to meet the new challenges of the health care and research environment.
- 2006 The sale of M-CARE to Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan and its Blue Care Network is finalized. The East Ann Arbor Surgery and Medical Procedures Center, Rachel Upjohn Building (including the U-M Depression Center) and Biomedical Science Research Building open.
- 2007 U-M and Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan launch Michigan HealthQuarters, a joint venture formed after the sale of M-CARE as a "center for healthcare quality and transformation.” The U-M Cardiovascular Center opens in June.
[edit] Famous alumni and faculty
- Robert Bartlett - inventor of ECMO
- Edward Bove - surgical outcomes and congenital heart defects, most notably hypoplastic left-heart syndrome
- Ben Carson - director of pediatric neurological surgery at Johns Hopkins Medical Center
- Jerome Conn - responsible for the elucidation of primary hyperaldosteronism - Conn's Syndrome
- Francis Collins: director of the NIH Human Genome Project and discoverer of the the most common mutation for cystic fibrosis.
- Elizabeth Crosby - neuroanatomist
- Lazar Greenfield - founder of the inferior vena cava filter ("the Greenfileld Filter")
- Sanjay Gupta - CNN medical correspondent, neurosurgeon
- Jack Kevorkian - controversial proponent of the legalization of euthanasia
- William James Mayo - co-founder of the Mayo Clinic
- Karin Muraszko - first woman chair of neurological surgery in the U.S.
- Antonia Novello - first woman and first hispanic United States Surgeon General from 1990 to 1993.
- Sanjay Saint - author of the Saint-Frances series of medical books
[edit] References
- ^ UM Health System Facts & Figures. UM Health System (2007).
- ^ UM Health System Facts & Figures. UM Health System (2007).
- ^ UMHS Firsts & Bests. UM Health System (2007).
- ^ America's Best Hospitals 2006: Honor Roll. US News and World Reports (2007). Retrieved on 2007-02-18.
- ^ Master Development Plan. UM Health System.
- ^ UMHS History. UM Health System (2007).
- ^ Medical School history timeline. UM Health System (2007).
- ^ New U-M Center for Genetics in Health and Medicine will help bridge the gap between science and medicine. UMHS Department of Public Relations and Marketing Communications (March 20, 2006).
[edit] External links
- University of Michigan Health System
- University of Michigan Medical School
- UM Health and Medical Resources
- Survival Flight
| The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor |
