Urban Institute
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Urban Institute is a Washington, D.C. based nonpartisan group that collects data, conducts policy research, evaluates social programs, educates the public on key domestic issues, and provides advice and technical assistance to developing governments abroad.
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[edit] History and Funding
The Institute was established as an independent organization in 1968 by the Lyndon B. Johnson administration to study the nation’s urban problems and evaluate the Great Society initiatives embodied in more the more than 400 laws passed in the prior four years. Gradually, its research and funding base broadened.
Today, federal government contracts provide about 72 % of the Institute’s operating funds, foundations another 26 %, and state and local governments and private individuals the rest. Some of the Institute’s more than 100 private sponsors and funders include The Atlantic Philanthropies, the Annie E. Casey Foundation, the Ford Foundation, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, and the Rockefeller Foundation.
[edit] Current Initiatives
Some 225 studies and evaluations were under way in 2006 at the Institute. These include new series of studies on retirement and aging in America, analysis of who gets the Child Tax Credit, work on factors driving up the costs of Medicaid and health care costs more generally, roundtables on working families and their children, reports on immigrant children in US schools, and briefing papers on rebuilding families and communities in Hurricane Katrina’s aftermath. The organization has also put a great deal of research into the issue of prisoners removed from prison and the affect this has not only on the prisoner, but also on the entire family and problems it can possibly create.
[edit] Organization
Urban Institute's staff of 400 works in ten research centers: the Center on Nonprofits and Philanthropy;[1] the Metropolitan Housing and Community Policy Center;[2] the Health Policy Center;[3] the Education Policy Center;[4] the Income and Benefits Policy Center;[5] the International Activities Center;[6] the Justice Policy Center;[7] the Assessing the New Federalism project;[8] and the Labor, Human Services, and Population Center.[9] The Institute also houses the Urban Institute -Brookings Institution Tax Policy Center, the National Center for Charitable Statistics[10], and Urban Institute Press.[11][12] In 2005, the Institute worked in all 50 states and roughly 25 countries.
[edit] Personnel
The Institute’s president is Robert D. Reischauer, former head of the Congressional Budget Office. Dr. Reischauer succeeded William Gorham, founding president, in 2001. Most Urban Institute researchers are economists, social scientists, or experts in public policy and administration. Others are mathematicians, statisticians, city planners, engineers, computer experts, or scientists. A few have backgrounds in medicine, law, or arts and letters. Unique among the nation’s largest research organizations, the Institute is 63 % female, and six of the ten research center directors are women; 25 % of the staff is minority.
[edit] Board of Trustees
Board members are Joel L. Fleishman (Chairman), Afsaneh Mashayekhi Beschloss, John M. Deutch, Jamie S. Gorelick, Richard C. Green, Jr., Fernando A. Guerra, Freeman A. Hrabowski, III, Robert S. McNamara, Charles L. Mee, Mary John Miller, Melvin L. Oliver, Robert E. Price, Robert D. Reischauer, Louis A. Simpson, Robert M. Solow (Vice Chairman), and Dick Thornburgh (Vice Chairman).
[edit] Criticism
Previous studies have criticized the Urban Institute's estimates of the economic impact of U.S. immigration, arguing that Urban Institute researchers over-estimated tax payments made by immigrants and underestimated the economic costs of immigration to the domestic labor force.[13]
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
- ^ Center on Nonprofits and Philanthropy
- ^ Metropolitan Housing and Community Policy Center
- ^ Health Policy Center
- ^ Education Policy Center
- ^ Income and Benefits Policy Center
- ^ International Activities Center
- ^ Justice Policy Center
- ^ Assessing the New Federalism
- ^ Labor, Human Services, and Population Center
- ^ National Center for Charitable Statistics
- ^ Tax Policy Center
- ^ Urban Institute Press
- ^ Huddle, Donald L. (1995-07-01). "A critique of the Urban Institute's claims of cost free immigration: Early findings confirmed". Population & Environment. Retrieved on 2007-02-25.
[edit] External links
- www.urban.org - Urban Institute official web site
- www.taxpolicycenter.org - Urban Institute - Brookings Institution Tax Policy Center
