Waterville, Maine
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Waterville is a city in Kennebec County, Maine on the Kennebec River. The population was 15,605 at the 2000 census. It is the home of Colby College and Thomas College.[1]
Waterville's newspaper of record is the Morning Sentinel.
Contents |
[edit] Geography
Waterville is located at (44.552051, -69.645839).GR1
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 36.4 km² (14.1 mi²). 35.2 km² (13.6 mi²) of it is land and 1.2 km² (0.5 mi²) of it (3.35%) is water.
[edit] History
Waterville was incorporated as a separate town in 1802, having previously been the portion of Winslow located on the west side of the Kennebec River and known as Ticonic Village. It separated due to problems with getting across the river, and residents were unable to voice their opinions in town meetings. It developed into a thriving mill community, and a high school was built in 1877.
A more detailed history follows:
Evidence of prehistoric man does not exist in Waterville. In fact, following the Indian wars of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century, there is little evidence of any human life in Waterville. Then in 1754, the first permanent white settlement of the area was established. It centered around General John Winslow’s Fort Halifax, where the Sebasticook joins the Kennebec below the Ticonic Falls. 11 families settled in the area, but as word spread that the area under the protection of the Fort was safe from attack, other settlers came. The wilderness was rugged and the winters long and cold, but the bounty and power of the rivers of the area proved to draw those of sturdy stock.
Within ten years there were one hundred settlers on both sides of the Kennebec. The East Side, the first side, became known as Winslow in Honor of the General, and the West Side, Ticonic for the Falls. In 1771, Massachusetts incorporated both sides of the area as Winslow, and by the late 1790’s more people were living on the East Side than the west, due to the superior mill sites along the Messalonskee Stream. Without a bridge across the Kennebec, it made sense to incorporate the West Side as a separate municipality, and in 1802 Waterville became a town.
Over the next 86 years the Town of Waterville grew and prospered. The first dam was built, by Dr. McKechnie on the Messalonskee, for operating a mill for grinding grain and a saw mill. There were numerous mills on the Messalonskee and following the building of the first dam on the Kennebec in 1792, from Ticonic Falls to Rock Island, Waterville was well suited for industry. Fishing was an important source of revenues for the town, with salmon, shad and alewives shipped primarily to markets in Boston. The Ticonic Falls made Waterville the northern most terminal on the Kennebec for receiving cargo as well as shipping lumber, goods, and foods south. Even ship building, which started in 1794, flourished in the town for a time. The Ship Yards of John Clark (at foot of Sherwin Street), Nathaniel Gilman, Asa Redington, and W. & D. Moor (built steamboats) – larger ships were launched during spring or fall freshets and floated down river to Hallowell of Gardiner.
In 1809 the Waterville Fire Department was established.
In 1814 The largest ship built in Waterville, the Francis and Sarah (290 tons), was launched.
It was in 1818 that the Maine Literacy and Theological Institution was established in Waterville, later changing its name for the town, and finally becoming Colby College when former Waterville resident Gardner Colby aided the school financially through the Civil War years. To prepare local students for the college, Waterville Academy was started in 1828. With Colby College, Waterville’s bonds with religion were strong and diverse. Numerous churches were established throughout the town, the first being of the Baptist Society in 1818.
In 1820 A dam built in West Waterville to operate a grist mill, saw mill, and a carding and clothing mill, later occupied by the Dunn Edge Tool Co. which made scythes and axes into the 20th century. Bed posts and wagon wheels were turned in the basement of the sawmill from 1834.
The Ticonic Bridge opened to the public in 1828; it had previously been a privately owned wooden toll bridge. On May 22, 1832 a great freshet washed away part of the Ticonic Bridge and the Redington saw mill.
In 1849, C. F. Hathaway started making shirts in Waterville, the same year the railroad came to town, and a great fire destroyed the business section of town. With the brisk Commerce of the area, banks were needed—Waterville bank in 1814, Ticonic in 1831, Peoples in 1855, the Merchants in 1876, the Savings Bank in 1869, and the Waterville Loan and Building Association in 1887.
In 1870 Maine Central Railroad (previously the Androscoggin & Kennebec, the Penobscot & Kennebec, the Portland & Kennebec and other roads) selected Waterville as its rail center. In 1874 a steel railroad bridge replaced the wooden one across the Kennebec River. New shops were built by the railroad in 1886.
The town of Waterville had industry, commerce, education, and religion as a foundation upon which to grow. There were disastrous floods, severe winters, and wars, borrowing the able male population. But throughout it all, the town gained in strength and number. In 1883 Waterville was large enough to become a City, but didn’t accept that elevated status until 1888.
What follows is a listing of an event a year in the history of the City of Waterville. These happenings are not necessarily the most important or significant of that given year, but were selected and are included simply to help trace the growth of the citizens of Waterville, our triumphs and defeats, good times and bad.
1888 Horse Cars between Waterville and Fairfield started operation.
1889 Waterville Electric Light and Power finished construction of 27 electric lights. The city sewer system was constructed followed by Maine’s first central water system.
1890 Paving started Main Street. Mr. R.B. Hall, a composer and one of the State’s best cornetists, came to Waterville and organized the Watherville Military Band and Hall’s Orchestra.
1891 Levine’s opens
1892 Electric cars of the Waterville and Fairfield Railway and Light Company ran between the two towns and was one of the first such companies in the State.
1893 A stone dam and power station was built on the Messalonskee River, off Western Ave. The Messalonskee Electric Co. was formed by Harvey Eaton & Walter Wyman and eventually became Central Maine Power Co.
1894 “The Kennebec Democrat” moves from Waterville to Augusta.
1895 Colby University celebrated it 75th anniversary
1896 Waterville Free Library organized.
1897 Myrtle Street Schoolhouse built.
1898 Full quota of Waterville men respond to Governor’s call to camp for the Spanish War.
1899 The Waterville and Fairfield Railway and Light Company built a new dam below the Coombs dam, at the foot of Silver Street, for electric generation.
1900 Whittemore Furniture Company organized.
1901 The Iron footbridge (commonly called the “two cent bridge”) was built across the Kennebec and was in operation for a few days. On December 15th the highest river levels seen since 1832 carried it away. Riverview Worsted Company (later Wayandotte) opened its mill.
1902 Andrew Carnegie donated $20,000 for a free public library. New City Hall and Opera House dedicated.
1903 Car line from Waterville to Oakland completed.
1904 Central Maine Fair officially opens in Waterville.
1905 The new library building, a gift of Andrew Carnegie opened on Elm Street.
1906 New South Grammar School burns and is rebuilt.
1907 Three years after Morning Sentinel starts, the Waterville Evening Mail, daily newspaper since 1896, ceases publication.
1908 Keyes starts “pie plate” factory on upper College Avenue.
1909 The new concrete train bridge across the Kennebec was completed.
1910 F. W. Woolworth Company comes to the City
1911 Sisters' Hospital has its start.
1912 Central Fire Station built.
1913 The new post office opened.
1914 New Senior High School badly damaged in fire.
1915 Military drill authorized at Colby.
1916 Local militia companies ordered into action along Mexican border.
1917 Patriotic Waterville citizens buy up Liberty Loans.
1918 Rotary Club organized.
1919 Silver Street’s Memorial Bridge over the Messalonskee completed and dedicated.
1920 Herbert Hoover visits Waterville.
1921 One hour parking initiated on Main Street.
1922 Old High School on Pleasant Street was demolished to make room for the new Junior High school construction.
1923 Waterville Kiwanis Club formed.
1924 Federal Trust Company opened.
1925 Ware-Butler, Inc. opens .
1926 Traffic police officers were required for the first time.
1927 Massive zoning ordinance passed.
1928 Haines Theater shows “talkies.”
1929 Penny Hill land taken for proposed airport
1930 Sacred Heart Church completed.
1931 Airport officially opened.
1932 Dunham’s promotes ”The Great Sale” with Hathaway shirts for 59¢ - $1.39.
1933 Waterville shops of Maine Central Railroad increase number employed.
1934 First National Store opened in the former Pooler’s Clothing Store on Main Street.
1935 Front Street is paved to help eliminate truck traffic from Main Street.
1936 Ticonic Bridge washed down river by flood.
1937 Electric car lines to Oakland and Fairfield were abandoned.
1938 City celebrates 50th Anniversary.
1939 The Unitarian Church on Main Street was demolished.
1940 Edmund S. Muskie moves to Waterville.
1941 Waterville Maine National Guard Company called into service.
1942 City buys Colby Alumnae building on College Avenue, which eventually becomes Boys' Club
1943 Osteopathic Hospital opens in former Elm City Hospital.
1944 Waterville High School basketball team wins New England Championship.
1945 Following distinguished service in WWII G Company returns home.
1946 Kiwanis Swimming Pool renovated and re-opened
1947 Parking meters start to appear on city streets.
1948 Waterville’s oldest business, W.B. Arnold Company, expands its hardware store on Main Street
1949 Waterville Sewerage District created.
1950 Messalonskee River cleaned up.
1951 Sears Roebuck and Company comes to Waterville.
1952 Colby College completely moved to Mayflower Hill.
1953 Channel 5, WABI-TV goes on the air with CBS.
1954 Young Waterville attorney, Edmund S. Muskie, elected Governor.
1955 Waterville gives Maine three winners, Muskie sworn in as Governor, Mrs. Couture chosen Mother of the Year, and Janice Vaughan picked as Miss Maine.
1956 WGHM signs on.
1957 Herbert and Danell Joseph open H&D Edsel Sales on College Ave.
1958 Gov. Muskie helps break ground for new industrial park on Upper Main Street.
1959 Last passenger train leaves Waterville station.
1960 “Comfort and Convenience” promised as Elm Plaza opens on Upper Main Street.
1961 Construction of new High School begins.
1962 Waterville Osteopathic Hospital moves to Oakland Road.
1963 Thomas College authorized to grant four-year degree.
1964 One half gallon of Root Beer at Brown’s A&W Drive-in just 30¢.
1965 Four-lane road, John Fitzgerald Kennedy Memorial Drive opened from I-95 to Rt.23 in Oakland.
1966 Ex-Vice President Nixon arrives at LeFleur and holds press conference at the Fenway-Maine.
1967 Hathaway acquired by Warnaco.
1968 Citizens voted in a charter change creating new form of Municipal government with Mayor, Administrator and seven councilmen.
1969 City-owned Pine Ridge Golf Course opens.
1970 Coburn Classical Institute merges with Oak Grove School.
1971 Charles Street project completed.
1972 Thomas College awarded its first honorary degree to Senator Margaret Chase Smith.
1973 The Ferris Arms Motel was demolished.
1974 Meader Farm becomes JFK Shopping Plaza.
1975 Record crowds watched the Budweiser Clydesdales parade downtown.
1976 The new post office-federal building opened.
1977 Jefferson Hotel closed for over a year, reopens as John Martin’s Manor.
1978 Waterville’s first auto accident following the enactment of the new right turn on red law.
1979 Central Maine Morning Sentinel added Doonesbury.
1980 The old historic post office is auctioned off for $112,000; a restaurant is proposed to take its place.
1981 Waterville High School Class of ’81 spearheads series of chem. free parties.
1982 The oldest public building (built 1826) still standing, Waterville’s First Baptist Church, gets a face-lift.
1983 Keyes Fibre, city’s largest taxpayer paid $466,071.90.
1984 Northeast Bank Changes name to name to Norstar Bank of Maine.
1985 As Oakland’s Diamond Match closes Keyes threatens to close Waterville plant and move operations south.
1986 Shaw’s “superstore” allowed on Kennedy Memorial Drive per vote of City Council.
1987 City suffers worst Spring flood since 1936.
1988 City celebrates Centennial.
[edit] Industry
Waterville is home to northern New England's largest full-service locomotive repair facility, originally built by the Maine Central Railroad and now operated by Pan Am Railways. Maine Central was one of Waterville's largest employers up until the early 1980s.
Hathaway Shirts were made in Waterville for over 160 years, until 2002 when the nation's last maker of name-brand dress shirts shut down in the face of low-priced foreign competition.
[edit] Religion
Waterville is home to many churches.
- Two Catholic parishes exist, a Roman Catholic Parish (the Parish of the Holy Spirit), and a Lebanese (Maronite) Catholic church.
- Other denominations include Episcopal, Baptist, Methodist, Congregationalist, Jesus Christ Church of Latter Day Saints, Adventist and Unitarian. In addition, a free Evangelical church exists, which is referred to by locals as "the movie theater church" because it was built in a former movie theater.
[edit] Politics
Waterville was once, like most of New England, heavily Republican. However, the influx of French Canadians (who were angered by Republican Governor Owen Brewster's anti-Catholic Klan ties)[citation needed], college students, professors and mill workers began to sway the town. In the 1972 Presidential election, Democratic candidate George McGovern narrowly carried Waterville. Waterville's current Mayor, Paul R. LePage is a Republican, however the majority of the City Council are Democrats. The city council is comprised of Charles F. "Fred" Stubbert, Stephen Aucoin, Democrat Henry Beck (a college student at Colby College and lifelong resident,) Donald Dufour (who ran unsuccessfully for Mayor in 2005), Rosemary Winslow, Dana Sennett, and Thomas Longstaff.
Overall voter registration as of 2003 is as follows: Republican(2,010 or 19.82%), Green (193 or 1.90%), Democrat (4,341 or 42.81%), and unenrolled 3596 (35.46%).
Congressman Michael Michaud has an office in Waterville. In April of 2006, an anti-war demonstration was carried out, and another is planned for April of 2007. In addition, Colby college keeps an online political blog of local politics, focusing on state and some times local politics.
[edit] Education
Waterville has four public schools:
- George J. Mitchell School (Pre-kindergarten through grade 3)
- Albert S. Hall School (grades 4-5)
- Waterville Junior High School (grades 6-8)
- Waterville Senior High School (grades 9-12) (The Mid-Maine Technical Center is housed in the high school.)
Waterville has two private schools:
- Calvary Temple School (a non-denominational Protestant school)
- Mount Merici Catholic Elementary (a Catholic school, serving grades K-6).
Waterville is home to two colleges:
[edit] Current Events Involving Waterville High School
A controversial proposal was introduced in 2005 to consolidate Waterville High School with the high school in Winslow, Maine. Winslow voted against this proposal.
In 2006, another proposal was introduced to consolidate Waterville High School with Messalonskee High School in Oakland, Maine. This proposal remains under debate, with proponents and opponents.
Proponents argue that it makes sense to combine schools, thereby cutting costs. Also, that it will allow them to increase AP course opportunities because of declining enrollment. However, opponents point to several facts:
- Costs actually rarely go down because per pupil costs, student disciplinary costs, and transportation costs all go up, resulting in no savings. Transportation costs in particular will increase, owing to Messalonskee's large size and very rural district, resulting in an increase in busing costs.
- Extra-curricular activities, such as low interest sports (like cross country) and Drama actually don't always get increased
- Bullying will increase because of the plan to reduce faculty through attriction (meaning when a teacher retires, a new one won't be hired), will shrink the faculty size making it harder to discipline the whole student body (Messalonskee has over 900 students, and Waterville has over 630, making it very hard to combat bullying).
- Consolidated schools, like Messalonskee, do not always have decent facilties at all.
- Sports and extra-curricular activities (such as drama) positions will decrease.
- Class size will increase because there is a plan to reduce faculty through attrition.
- Communities loose a major center, resulting in sprawl.
- Special education students tend to have inferior opportunities in consolidated schools.
However, many people have, for now, put this debate on the back burner for now due to John Baldacci's proposal to create 26 "Super districts" school administrative districts.
[edit] Waterville High School Athletics/Academics
- Waterville High School's 2006 men's outdoor track team was state champion.
- Waterville High School's 2007 women's indoor track team was state champion.
- Waterville High School's girls Basketball team was state Champions in 2007.
- Waterville High School boys Golf team were state champions in 2006.
- Waterville High School's Science Olympiad team has won the state title 12 years in a row. PWNAGE.
[edit] Demographics
As of the censusGR2 of 2000, there were 15,605 people, 6,218 households, and 3,370 families residing in the city. The population density was 443.3/km² (1,148.7/mi²). There were 6,819 housing units at an average density of 193.7/km² (501.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 95.81% White, 0.78% African American, 0.56% Native American, 1.03% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.42% from other races, and 1.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.10% of the population. However a recent survey placed the town's population and 15,621; this has a major signifiance, because since 1990, the town's population has decreased by an average of 160 people per year. However, this means that since 2000, Waterville's population has increased some what, indicitating Waterville's population is beginning to increase. The city also has a significant population of 'Francos' (of French Canadian descent) and Lebanese (Maronite Christian). In fact, there are two Lebanese bakeries in the town.
There are 6,218 households out of which 26.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.2% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.8% were non-families. 38.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.84.
In the city the population was spread out with 19.7% under the age of 18, 18.5% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 18.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 85.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $26,816, and the median income for a family was $38,052. Males had a median income of $30,086 versus $22,037 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,430. 19.2% of the population and 15.1% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 29.7% of those under the age of 18 and 14.7% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. Other Demographics:
For population 25 years and over in Waterville
* High school or higher: 82.7% * Bachelor's degree or higher: 21.0% * Graduate or professional degree: 8.2% * Unemployed: 6.0% * Mean travel time to work: 18.1 minutes
For population 15 years and over in Waterville city
* Never married: 32.5% * Now married: 42.0% * Separated: 1.7% * Widowed: 9.6% * Divorced: 14.1%
[edit] Businesses
Some local businesses include (by category): Apollo's Bistro, Bread Box Cafe, Buen Apetito, Pad Thai Too, Darrell's Pizza, Alfond Youth Center (Boys & Girls Club), Steve's Restaurant, Railroad Square Cinema, Flagship Cinemas, Gifford's Famous Ice Cream (and mini-golf), Spell Bound: A Gamer's paradise, Waterville Country Club, Strike Ten Bowling, the Coffee Shack, Rent-a-center, Auto-Zone, Hamlin Furniture, Elm City Photo, Dave's Barbershop, Children's Book Cellar, Mr. Paperback, Bull Moose Music, Shaw's (groceries), Hannafords (groceries), Olympia Sporting Goods, CVS Pharmacy, Movie Gallery, and JC Penney.
[edit] Economy
Waterville's economy was once dependent upon the several mills in town. In 2002, Hathaway shirt factory closed. The South end of Waterville was particularly hit hard. However, in late 2005 it was announced this mill site would be renovated and turned into boutique and office space, apartments, and a restaurant. In addition, the Lockwood mill site will also be renovated. In 2007, the city council approaved a tax exemption for the Hathaway plant renovation, and for Mid-Maine Machinery (a Winslow company that will employ around 70 people now after expanding into Waterville), and the creation of a new club house on the Waterville country club. Waterville is also economically aided by two colleges, and three hospitals. However, there are concerns one may close. A major problem in Waterville is that since 2000, many people have moved to Waterville purely to get Welfare benefits. While Maine has very generous welfare programs, as does Kennebec county, Waterville offers a few small benefits on top. In terms of crime, it is relatively low compared to the national average. There is however a recent problem with a "massage" parlor, which was rectified by the Waterville police. Here are some statistics on income:
Income Less Than $10k 17.3%, $10K-$15K 10.2%, $15K-$25K 19.2%, $25K-$35K 12.5%, $35K-$50K 19.0%, $50K-$75K 11.3%, $75K-$100K 5.12%, $100K-$150K 3.29%, $150K-$200K 0.88%, $200K+ 1.22% 5.38%
Here are some statistics on workers. Professional: 33.3% Service: 19.7% Sales/Office: 27.3% Farming /Fishing / Manufacturing: 0.4% Agriculture / Forestry: 0.7% Manufacturing: 9.66% Education / Health / Social: 36.1% Science: 5.9% Retail: 12.3% Wholesale: 3.4% Arts / Entertainment: 8.0% Public Admin: 3.6%
Unemployment in 2003 was 6%, and property taxes were 27 Mills (or $27 per $1,000 of value on a house). However, Mayor LePage has reduced property taxes by 1 mill recently, and possibly more. In 2006, Waterville was also announced the site for the Maine games, a local sporting competition similar to the Olympics but at a local level. Average income in 2003 was $26,816. Waterville has also been debating whether or not to repeal TIF (Tax increment financing) tax breaks. Proponents argue that TIF incourages investment by giving people who open up businesses in Waterville a tax break. Opponenents of TIF, such as city manager Mike Roy, point out that were TIF exemptions repealed property taxes could be cut by one whole mill. Also, most exemptions go to "big box" stores, which actually drive out smaller businesses and in wind up causing a bidding war between the small towns in Maine as to who can offer the best tax exemption, and then leave once they expire. This happened in Waterville, after a Wal-Mart left when its TIF exemption was over. There are also plans to renovate the down town Main street, and the Waterfront. In addition, Waterville is home to many, many small businesses. As a result, neighboring towns often come to Waterville for specialty stores.
[edit] Downtown
Businesses in Waterville's downtown area (including Main Street) include: 1. A yardgoods store. 2. Restaurants. 3. A pharmacy. 4. City Hall and City Library. 5. A computer goods store (housed in the former Post Office). 6. A barbershop. 7. Three jewelry stores. 8. A furniture store. 9. A rare clothing boutique (Sign of the Sun) 10. Clothing shops. 11. Banks. 12. A pawnshop. 13. Waterville farmer's market (seasonal). 14. The Waterville Opera House. 15. The Maine Made Shop. 16. A photocopying firm. 17. A children's book store. 18. Art supply store. 19. Hardy Girls Healthy Women (a support center for women and girls).
There are plans to create a mural of "Lebenese Heritage" in Waterville. In December, there is an annual "Kringleville", in which the public is welcome to come to Castonguay square (on Main street) and visit an actor portraying Santa Claus.
[edit] Transportation
Pine tree caps and Kennebec Valley (KV) bussing serves as the means of public transportation.
[edit] Media
Waterville has a TV station affiliate (WPFO), a newspaper: The Morning Sentinel. The Morning Sentinel often endorses Democrats in its editorial.
[edit] Sister cities
[edit] Famous People
- David Brancaccio, NPR correspondent
- David E. Kelley, TV show creator for Fox TV.
- Rev. Jeremiah Champlin, D.D, founder, Colby College
- Pam Iorio, mayor of Tampa, Florida
- Barbara Merrill, politician, (moved to Waterville at age 14 and graduated from Waterville High School).
- George Mitchell, former United States Senate Majority Leader, was born here and ran unsuccessfully for Waterville mayor.
[edit] Points of interest
- Perkins Arboretum
- Robert Lafleur Airport.
- Inland Hospital.
- The Boys and Girls Club.
- Maine General Medical Center.
- Redington Museum and Apothecary.
- Maine International Film Festival (held annually at the Rail Road Square cinema). www.railroadsquarecinema.com
- Waterville - Winslow Footbridge ( Two Cent Bridge )
[edit] External links
- Waterville, Maine official website
- Maps and aerial photos
- Street map from Google Maps, or Yahoo! Maps, or Windows Live Local
- Satellite image from Google Maps, Windows Live Local, WikiMapia
- Topographic map from TopoZone
- Aerial image or topographic map from TerraServer-USA
- News article about the closing of the C.F. Hathaway shirt plant
- Waterville Public Library Website
- Remarks in the U.S. Congressional Record about closing of C.F. Hathaway plant
[edit] References
- ^ Maine League of Historical Societies and Museums (1970). in Doris A. Isaacson: Maine: A Guide 'Down East'. Rockland, Me: Courier-Gazette, Inc., 223-228.
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