Wikipedia:WikiProject Dictionary of the Catholic Resistance
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[edit] About this WikiProject
[edit] Purpose
The WikiProject Dictionary of the Catholic Resistance has been created in order to describe the various factions, schools or parties associated with various Catholic movements, in order to facilitate better understanding of concepts and beliefs.
[edit] Radical Traditionalist Catholicism
See main article Integrist
The more standard name for the movement, but not always accepted by those so described; it means those who identify themselves as Catholics who refuse to accept changes to Catholic Tradition, Theology and doctrines, praxis and liturgies instituted under John XXIII and the Vatican II Council (henceforth, for brevity's sake, this will be concisely called "the Vatican II reforms").
One of the names used by a minority of Traditionalist Catholics to describe the same movement is Catholic Resistance. The term means the resistance to the reforms, with the reforms being seen as part of the Modernist heresy.
[edit] Traditional Catholics
Some traditional Catholics accept the Novus Ordo Missae but are highly critical of what they see as the abuses that have crept in the Roman Catholic Church.
Those who object to the "Vatican II Reforms" as a matter of fact include John XXIII's Aggiornamento and Pope Pius XII's Easter Week reforms organized by Mons. Annibale Bugnini, who is the denounced as the architect of most of these reforms. The latter - being discovered by Pope Paul VI to be a Freemason - was transferred as a Nuncio to Iran to avoid being in the limelight.
[edit] Neo-Conservative Movements
Neo-Conservative Catholics are defined as those persons, groups or organizations which accept what is understood in secular circles as being the Roman Catholic Church, but have certain problems (not standard) to varying degrees and with different understandings, with the Vatican II reforms.
It must be noted that the label is accepted by some persons; others, however, object to it being applied to them, and allege that it is a pejorative or derogatory label.
Accepting this church, they also accept its supreme leaders — those persons who are understood by the secular world as being Catholic popes, as legitimate Popes.
It must be noted that there is no true unity among these, but only personality-led factions that believe in differing degrees of distinction among themselves.
Also, that this category itself is very varied, with some being extreme left, trenchantly criticizing the reforms and post-Vatican II "popes", as Fr. Morrison of Traditio.com does, and others (for a blindly "loyalist" form of Neo-Conservativism, see Jesse Romero, David & Joseph Moreaux http://www.kingdomofchrist.net etc.).
E.g.: the late Fr. Gommar de Pauw of the Catholic Traditionalist Movement, Fr. Morrison of Traditio.com, Dr. Marian Horvat of Tradition in Action, Robert Sungenis, Scott Hahn, Fraternity of St. Peter, Institute of Christ the King, other "Indult" or "Ecclesia Dei" followers.
[edit] Lefebvrism
See main article SSPX
The largest and best organized movement of Catholics faithful to Tradition is centered around the Priestly Society of St. Pius X, or SSPX, the international religious order founded in 1970 by French Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, missionary Archbishop of Dakar, Senegal and Apostolic Delegate for French-Speaking Africa.
Lefebvrism is a pejorative term used to ostracize those who admire and applaud the doctrinal position of Archbishop Lefebvre who acknowledged as legitimate the reigning Pope of the Catholic Church, but refuse to obey any command or decree impeding or prohibiting them from being faithful to Catholic Traditions, rituals, practices and sacraments.
Although the SSPX publicly acknowledges the Pope as the head of the Church and prays for him in the Canon of every Mass, in 1988 Pope John Paul II issued a statement that Mons. Lefebvre, Mons. Antonio de Castro Mayer, and four bishops consecrated by them had excommunicated themselves from the Church for consecrating these bishops without a Papal Mandate.
Eight prominent Canon Law experts, three Cardinals among them, however, have pointed out that Mons. Lefebvre and Mons. de Castro Mayer were not in fact excommunicated. Consecrating the four bishops allegedly without the consent of the Apostolic See is not enough to incur in excommunication. There must be the proper volition. Mons. Lefebvre and Mons. de Castro Mayer had made it clear on many occasions (and no one has ever disputed this point) that they were acting in obedience to their episcopal oath to guard the Faith and that they were consecrating these bishops to ensure the continuance of the true Roman Catholic Faith. Therefore, lacking an intent or will to break with the Pope, the alleged excommunication is invalid. Some critics note that interpretation of Canon Law belongs to the Pope, and that the Pope has interpreted Canon Law as excommunicating Mons. Lefebvre, with prior warning having been given.
E.g.: late Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, founder of the SSPX http://www.sspx.org ; Fr. Franz Schmidberger, former Superior, SSPX; Bishop Bernard Tissier de Mallerais from France; Bishop Richard Williamson from the United Kingdom; Bishop Bernard Fellay from Switzerland, Superior, SSPX; Bishop Alfonso de Galarreta from Spain, and the several religious congregations, universities, colleges, schools, presses, publications, and lay associations working worldwide under the spiritual direction of the SSPX.
[edit] Sedevacantism
See main article Sedevacantism
Sedevacantists are persons who reject the claims of the men since October 1958 who are understood by secular circles as Catholic popes and who claim that the Papacy is vacante (vacant).
Various groups have been identified or labelled as "Sedevacantist" but whose ideologies are in fact distinct from Sedevacantism and who must be categorized differently.
Sedevacantism, while being monolithic in belief, is divided into numerous disunited bodies or groups with no central authority.
E.g.: Bishop Kelly of the SSPV http://www.sspv.net , Dr. Eberhard Heller, Association of St. Athanasius and editor-publisher of the periodical "Einsicht", Germany; Bishop Oliver Oravec, the Czech Republic and Canada; Bishop Mark Anthony Pivarunas, C.M.R.I., U.S.A; Bishop Daniel Lytle Dolan, U.S.A.; Bishop Martin de Avila y Gandara, Acapulco, Mexico; Bishop Thomas Sebastian, S.S.C.R., U.S.A.; Bishop Patrick C. Taylor, S.V.M., U.S.A.; Bishop Jose Ramon Lopez y Gaston, U.S.A.; Bishop Jose Franklin Urbina y Aznar, U.S.A.; Bishop Merrill William Brian Adamson, U.S.A.; Bishop Guido Jaime Alarcon y Zegada, Cochabamba, Bolivia; Bishop Gary Alarcon y Zegada, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia; Bishops Richard F. Bedingfeld & Terence Dowling, F.S.S.Th., Cascades, South Africa; Bishop John E. Hesson, New Jersey, U.S.A.; Bishop Peter Hillebrand, Japan; Bishop José de Jesus Roberto Martínez y Gutiérez, Jalisco, Mexico; Bishop Augustinus Pohl-Dungen, Germany; Bishop Francis Slupski, Rockford, Illinois, U.S.A.; Bishop Louis Vezelis, Rochester, New York, U.S.A.; Rama P Coomaraswamy, U.S.A, Catholic Doctrine Forum, (Chuck Sampair) various laypersons and organizations, such as the John Daly-John Lane group, etc.
[edit] Sedeprivationism
See main article Sedeprivationism
Also called the Cassiciacum Thesis, for the journal, Cahiers de Cassiciacum in which it was first published, or as the Materialiter-Formaliter Thesis, or Guerardism, after its author.
It was first propounded by the late Guerard des Lauriers who latter become a bishop at the hands of Bishop Peter Martin Ngo Dinh Thuc, brother of the President of Vietnam, John Baptist Ngo Dinh Diem, murdered by Buddhists with John Kennedy's approval.
Sedeprivationism postulates that the 'Conciliar Popes' have been 'materially Popes only.' Hence, that the See of Peter is not strictly vacant but rather in a state of privation.
E.g.: Bishop Robert Fidelis McKenna, O.P., and his Orthodox Roman Catholic Movement based in Monroe, Connecticutt, U.S.A.; Bishop Donald Sanborn, U.S.A.; Fr. Francesco Ricossa of the Italy-based Institute of the Mother of Good Counsel, a faction that had broken off from Marcel Lefebvre's group, and by Bishop Geert Jan Stuyver, consecrated by Bishop McKenna.
[edit] Conclavism
See main article Conclavism
Certain Sedevacantists proceed from the idea of a Sede vacante to the idea of organizing, somehow or the other, an election to supply the lack of the pope on which Sedevacantism is premised.
Some of these suggest an Acephalous Council of Bishops, which others reject as impossible given that all territorial bishops have defected to Modernism, others postulate that in the emergency situation currently existing the Church permits a lay conclave or a mixed clerical-lay conclave to elect the true pope to end the Sede vacante.
Several writers have postulated such ideas, especially on the Sangre de Cristo Newsnotes, a Traditionalist Catholic publication put out by Fr. Dan. Jones.
It is claimed that Fr. Joaquin Saenz y Arriaga, S.J., was the first to articulate this idea in his book Sede Vacante.
Teresa Benns and David Bawden became the first to take concrete steps in this line, resulting in the election, September 1990, of Bawden, who took the name Michael I.
Four years later, in 1994 under the inspiration of former Una Voce founder-member, Dr. Elizabeth von Gerstner, who had once worked in the Vatican under Pope Pius XII, a group of some 20 Thuc lineage bishops and several laypersons assembled at Assisi, Italy, where Fr. Victor von Pentz was elected, resulting in Linus II.
Again, in 1998, Lucian Pulvermacher gathered his followers for a phone-in election, as a result of which he claimed to have been elected and took the name Pius XIII.
Conclavists are also sometimes called Post-Sedevacantists.
[edit] Mere Sedevacantism
Sedevacantists who refuse to assent to Conclavism are denounced by Conclavists as "Mere Sedevacantists", people who's ideas are arrested at Sedevacantism and who do not follow its logic into Conclavism. Those so designated reject that label.
[edit] Mysticalism
See main article Mysticalism
Besides Sedevacantists and Conclavists, there are a great many persons who claim to be Pope, but who do not claim to have been elected by men, but to have been constituted Pope by some supernatural figure from heaven in an apparition which was revealed to themselves.
The Frenchman, Michel Colin, who began his claim in 1953-54, and re-asserted it in 1963 during the Vatican II Council, is sometimes asserted to have been a "Mysticalist"; however, he and several others of these claimants have not arisen from within the Traditionalist Catholic movement, and so are not eligible to be considered here.
E.g.: The late Clemente Domingues y Gomez in Seville as Gregory VII; Julius Tischler as Peter II in Germany; Maurice Archieri as Peter II, France; Aime Baudet aka "Peter II", Brussels, Belgium; Peter Henry Bubois aka "Peter II", Canada, etc.
Manuel Alonso Corral in Seville as Peter II as the successor of Clemente Dominguez y Gomez, can be considered by extension as a Mysticalist; he is, however, better described as a Palmarian.
[edit] Palmarianism
See main article Palmarianism
Palmarianism was commenced by the late Clemente Dominguez y Gomez who claimed that he was mystically constituted Pope, that he was to be the last pope, the Great Pope and Great Monarch of Catholic prophecies (but the prophecies portray them as two separate persons) who would become World Emperor and then be murdered at Jerusalem commencing the Reign of Antichrist; that the See of Peter has been henceforth permanently transferred from Rome to the Sevillan hamlet of El Palmar de Troya, where he (Clemente) was enthroned as the Bishop of El Palmar de Troya and thus Pope; and that the name of the Church has been changed from Roman to Palmarian.
Against this, it is contended:
- It is Catholic Doctrine that submission to the Roman Pontiff is essential to salvation (Unam Sanctam, etc.)
- It is Catholic Doctrine that the See of Peter is fixed immoveably in Rome, and so that, even when a Pope lives in exile, he is Bishop of Rome as the basis of being Pope.
- It is Catholic Doctrine that the Church of Rome is Indefectible and that its Faith is the Norm for the Universal Church. (Vatican I, Pastor Æternas).
Therefore, in practice, Palmarianism denies, contradicts or negates these fundamental Catholic doctrines, thus constituting Palmarianism a distinct heresy according to Catholic Canon Law.
E.g.: The late Clemente Domingues y Gomez in Seville as Gregory VII; Manuel Alonso Corral in Seville as Peter II as the successor of Clemente Dominguez y Gomez.
[edit] Sirianism
See main article Sirianism
The claim that Giuseppe Cardinal Siri was elected pope in the Conclave of 1958 and in the 'Conclave' of 1963 but was forced under duress to resign; that Siri secretly maintained his right and title to be Pope, taking the name Pope Gregory XVII and that he named Cardinals who elected his Successor(s), but who remain hidden.
Publicly Cardinal Siri always condemned "Siri Vacantists".
E.g.: Gary Giuffre & Hutton Gibson, Crawford, Texas, U.S.A. James Condit and David Hobson and their group of "St. Gemma" websites.
[edit] Home-Alone
See main article Home Alone
Those who reject the validity of all Traditionalist Catholic priests and bishops who procured their orders without papal leave and under the principle of Epikeia or Ecclesia supplet since the reforms of John XXIII and Vatican II and in the Underground Catholic Church, preferring to worship at home, alone. E.g.: Patrick Henry, U.S.A.
[edit] Habemuspapamism
Habemus papam is Latin for "We have a Pope!", the announcement made when a new pope is elected to succeed the previous one.
The word was invented by the traditional Catholic Thomas Sparks and names the theological opinion that the present pope in the Vatican is a true pope. Its opposite is sedevacantism, which opines that he is not and that there is no true pope today. Some have used the word by extension to refer also to those few who adhere to an alternative pope as the true pope, especially to distance sedevacantists from them.
I believe this expression was used by William (Bill) Morgan who predates Thomas Sparks by some years!
[edit] Feeneyism
See main article Feeneyism
The doctrine associated with Fr. Leonard Feeney, originally of the Jesuits. Repeated Catholic dogma that only Roman Catholics are saved. Denied the theories of baptism of blood and baptism of desire. Organized a group called St. Benedict's Center. Supposedly excommunicated for refusing summons to Rome during the pontificate of Pope Pius XII.
Fr. Feeney was reconciled with the Catholic Church under Paul VI without any requirement to recant or apologize for anything.
[edit] Represented by
- The various St. Benedict's Centers, and the order founded by Fr. Feeney, the Mancipia Immaculata Cordis Mariae (M.I.C.M.)
- Richard J.M. Ibranyi and his disciple Phillip McCabe.
- Thomas Sparks
- Patrick Pollock
- David Brindle
- The Brothers Michael and Richard Dimond and their "Benedictine" "Most Holy Family Monastery"
[edit] Old Catholics
The Old Catholic Church is a community of Christian churches. Many of these were German-speaking churches which split from the Roman Catholic church in the 1870s because of the promulgation of the dogma of Papal Infallibility as promoted by the First Vatican Council of 1869–1870. The term 'Old Catholic' was first used in 1853 to describe the members of the See of Utrecht that were not under Papal authority. While many Old Catholic Churches are a part of the Union of Utrecht, there are just as many that are still independent, especially in the United States.
They are therefore, strictly speaking, not part of the so-called Catholic Resistance since they pre-date Vatican II.
[edit] Western Orthodoxy
See main article Western Orthodoxy
Movement of Catholics disaffected by the "Vatican II Reforms" that have altogether abandoned Catholicism for Greek Orthodoxy, Monophysitism or Nestorianism, with most heading for Greek Orthodoxy.
[edit] Continuing Anglicanism
See main article Continuing Anglicanism
Catholics and Anglicans combining together against the respective ascendant Modernism in their churches.
