William F. Buckley, Jr.

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This article is about the conservative journalist and commentator. For other persons of like name, see William F. Buckley (disambiguation).

William F. Buckley Jr.

William F. Buckley, Jr., on his long-running television show Firing Line
Born:	November 24, 1925 (age 81) New York City USA
Occupation:	author commentator television personality
Spouse:	Patricia Taylor Buckley
Children:	Christopher Buckley (b.1952)

William Frank Buckley Jr. (born November 24, 1925), is an American author and commentator. He founded the political magazine National Review in 1955, hosted the television show Firing Line from 1966 until 1999, and is a nationally syndicated newspaper columnist. His writing style is characterized by use of uncommon words.^[1] Over the course of his career, Buckley's views have changed on some issues, such as drug legalization, which he now favors.^{[citation needed]}

Buckley is the author of a series of novels featuring the character of CIA agent Blackford Oakes, along with several books on writing, speaking, history, politics. Buckley refers to himself "on and off" as either libertarian or Conservative.^[2][3] He is based in New York City and Sharon, Connecticut and is semi-retired. Buckley often signs his name as "WFB."

Contents 1 Childhood 2 Education, military service and the CIA 3 Career 3.1 Final public speech 3.2 Firing Line 4 On language 5 Family 6 Trivia 7 Footnotes 8 Books 8.1 Blackford Oakes book series 9 References 9.1 Books 9.2 Web sites 10 External links

[edit] Childhood

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Buckley was born in New York City to lawyer and oil baron William Frank Buckley, Sr., of Irish Catholic descent, and Aloise Steiner, a Southerner of Swiss-German descent. The sixth of ten children, young Buckley moved with his family to Sharon, Connecticut. He soon moved to Paris where he attended first grade and learned French. By age seven, he had received formal training in English at a day school in London, Connecticut. As a boy, Buckley developed a love for music, sailing, horses, hunting, skiing, and story telling. All of these interests would reflect in his later writings. He is also an accomplished amateur harpsichord player. He attended St John's Beaumont in England at age 13 just before World War II. During the war, his family took in the future British historian, Alistair Horne, as a war refugee. Buckley and Horne have remained life-long friends. Buckley and Horne both attended Millbrook School, in Millbrook, New York, and graduated as members of the Class of 1943. At Millbrook, Buckley founded and edited the school's yearbook, The Tamarack, his first experience in publishing.

[edit] Education, military service and the CIA

Buckley attended the National Autonomous University of Mexico (or UNAM) in 1943 and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the US Army the following year. In his book, Miles Gone By, he fleetingly recounts being a member of Franklin Roosevelt's honor guard when the president died. With the end of World War II in 1945, he enrolled in Yale University, where he became a member of the secret Skull and Bones society, and was an active member of the Conservative Party and of the Yale Political Union, and served as Chairman of the Yale Daily News.

Buckley graduated from Yale in 1950. That same year, he married Patricia Taylor, (born July 1, 1926), the daughter of industrialist Austin C. Taylor. He met the Protestant from Vancouver, British Columbia while she was a student at Vassar College. They have one son, the writer Christopher Buckley.

In 1951, Buckley was recruited into the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), yet served for less than a year. Little has been published regarding Buckley's work with the CIA, but in a 2001 letter to author W. Thomas Smith, Jr., Buckley wrote, “I did training in Washington as a secret agent and was sent to Mexico City. There I served under the direct supervision of Howard Hunt, about whom of course a great deal is known.”

In a November 1, 2005 editorial for the National Review, he recounted that:

When in 1951 I was inducted into the CIA as a deep cover agent, the procedures for disguising my affiliation and my work were unsmilingly comprehensive. It was three months before I was formally permitted to inform my wife what the real reason was for going to Mexico City to live. If, a year later, I had been apprehended, dosed with sodium pentothal, and forced to give out the names of everyone I knew in the CIA, I could have come up with exactly one name, that of my immediate boss (E. Howard Hunt, as it happened). In the passage of time one can indulge in idle talk on spook life. In 1980 I found myself seated next to the former president of Mexico at a ski-area restaurant. What, he asked amiably, had I done when I lived in Mexico? "I tried to undermine your regime, Mr. President." He thought this amusing, and that is all that it was, under the aspect of the heavens.

While in Mexico, Buckley edited The Road to Yenan, a book addressing the communist quest for global domination, by Peruvian author Eudocio Ravines.

[edit] Career

In 1951, the same year he was recruited into the CIA, Buckley's first book, God and Man at Yale, was published. The book was a critique of Yale University, arguing that the school had strayed from its original educational mission. In 1954, Buckley co-wrote a book with L. Brent Bozell, entitled McCarthy and His Enemies, in which Buckley and Bozell strongly defended Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy, albeit with some reservations, as a patriotic crusader against Communism. The next year, he made some telling concessions in an article for Commonweal.

[W]e have got to accept Big Government for the duration—for neither an offensive nor a defensive war can be waged, given our present government skills, except through the instrument of a totalitarian bureaucracy within our shores. … And if they deem Soviet power a menace to our freedom (as I happen to), they will have to support large armies and air forces, atomic energy, central intelligence, war production boards, and the attendant centralization of power in Washington—even with Truman at the reins of it all.[3]

Buckley worked as an editor for The American Mercury in 1951 and 1952 before founding National Review in 1955. Under Buckley and co-founder Frank Meyer, National Review became the standard bearer of American conservatism, promoting the fusion of traditional conservatives and libertarians. In 1957 Buckley published a review of Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged by Whittaker Chambers, ostensibly "reading her out of the conservative movement."^[4] Objectivists have accused Chambers of merely skimming the novel.^[5] In 1960 Buckley helped form Young Americans for Freedom. In 1964, Buckley very strongly supported the candidacy of Arizona Senator Barry Goldwater, first for the Republican nomination against New York governor Nelson Rockefeller and then for the Presidency. Buckley used the National Review as a forum for mobilizing support for Goldwater.

A year later, in 1965, he ran for mayor of New York City as the candidate for the young Conservative Party, because of his dissatisfaction with the very liberal Republican candidate John Lindsay. Buckley finished third with 13% of the vote. When asked what he would do if he won the race, Buckley issued his classic response, "I'd demand a recount." In October 1965, Buckley denounced Robert W. Welch Jr. and the John Birch Society, who he had previously been friendly with, in the National Review as lunatic-fringe fanatics promoting strange and bizarre conspiracy theories, and urged the G.O.P. to purge itself of the John Birch Society members.

Buckley appeared in a series of televised debates opposite Gore Vidal during the 1968 political conventions. In their penultimate debate on August 22 of that year, the two disagreed over the actions of the Chicago Police and the protesters at the ongoing Democratic Convention in Chicago. At one point Vidal called Buckley a “crypto-Nazi”, to which Buckley replied, “Now listen, you queer, stop calling me a crypto-Nazi or I'll sock you in your goddamn face, and you'll stay plastered.”^[6]

This feud continued the following year in the pages of Esquire Magazine, which commissioned an essay from both Buckley and Vidal on the television incident. Buckley's essay "On Experiencing Gore Vidal," was published in the August 1969 issue, and led Vidal to sue for libel. Vidal's September essay in reply, "A Distasteful Encounter with William F. Buckley," was similarly litigated by Buckley. The presiding judge in Buckley's subsequent libel suit against Vidal initially concluded that "[t]he court must conclude that Vidal's comments in these paragraphs meet the minimal standard of fair comment. The inferences made by Vidal from Buckley's [earlier editorial] statements cannot be said to be completely unreasonable." However, Vidal also strongly implied that, in 1944, Buckley and unnamed siblings had vandalized a Protestant church in their Sharon, Connecticut, hometown after the pastor's wife had sold a house to a Jewish family. Buckley sued Vidal and Esquire magazine for libel; Vidal counter-claimed for libel against Buckley, citing Buckley's characterization of Vidal's novel Myra Breckenridge as pornography. Both cases were dropped, but Buckley's legal expenses were reimbursed by Vidal, and Vidal's were not. Buckley also received an editorial apology in the pages of Esquire..”^[7]

In 1973, he served as a delegate to the United Nations. In 1981, Buckley informed President-elect (and personal friend) Ronald Reagan that he would decline any official position offered to him in Reagan's administration. Reagan jokingly replied that that was too bad, because he had wanted to make Buckley ambassador to (then Soviet-occupied) Afghanistan. Buckley replied that he was willing to take the job but only if he were to be supplied with "10 divisions of bodyguards."^[8]

Buckley participated in a debate following the airing of The Day After, a 1983 made-for-TV movie about the effects of nuclear war. A staunch anti-communist, Buckley consistently defended the strategy of nuclear deterrence during the Cold War. In 1991, Buckley received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President George H. W. Bush.

Buckley retired as active editor from National Review in 1990, and relinquished his controlling shares of National Review in June of 2004 to a pre-selected board of trustees. The following month he published the memoir Miles Gone By. Buckley continues to write his syndicated newspaper column, as well as opinion pieces for National Review magazine and National Review Online. He remains editor-at-large at the magazine and also lectures, grants occasional radio interviews and makes guest appearances on national television news programs.

Buckley has recently criticized certain aspects of policy within the modern conservative movement. He has said, "Bush is conservative, but he is not a conservative", and that the president was not elected "as a vessel of the conservative faith." According to Buckley, the war in Iraq was "anything but conservative. The reality of the situation is that missions abroad to effect regime change in countries without a bill of rights or democratic tradition are terribly arduous." He was careful to add: "This isn’t to say that the Iraq war is wrong, or that history will judge it to be wrong. But it is absolutely to say that conservatism implies a certain submission to reality; and this war has an unrealistic frank and is being conscripted by events".^[9] In a column published earlier this year in NRO and distributed by Universal Press Syndicate, Buckley stated unequivocally that, "One can't doubt that the American objective in Iraq has failed." Buckley has also stated that "...it's important that we acknowledge in the inner councils of state that it (the war) has failed, so that we should look for opportunities to cope with that failure."^[10]

[edit] Final public speech

On November 1, 2006, at the Yale Political Union, Buckley delivered a speech which he said would be his last on matters of policy. The topic of his speech was "Resolved: The Democratic Candidates for November 7th Should Withdraw". [4]

[edit] Firing Line

For many Americans, Buckley's erudite style on his weekly PBS show Firing Line was their primary exposure to the man. In it he displayed a scholarly, non-confrontational and humorous conservatism and was known for his facial expressions, gestures and particularly probing intellectual questions of his guests.

Throughout his career as a media figure, Buckley has received much criticism, largely from the American left but also from certain factions on the right, such as the John Birch Society and the Objectivists.

[edit] On language

Buckley is well known for his command of language.^[11] Buckley came late to the English language, not learning it until he was 7 (his first language was Spanish, learned in Mexico, and his second French, learned in Paris).^[12] He speaks it with an idiosyncratic accent: something between an old-fashioned, upper class Mid-Atlantic accent and British Received Pronunciation, a consequence of his relatively late arrival to English.

[edit] Family

• When Buckley was a young man, his father, William F. Buckley, Sr., was an acquaintance of libertarian author, Albert Jay Nock. William F. Buckley, Sr., convinced his son to read Nock's works.

• Buckley's son, Christopher Buckley, is an author, essayist and humorist. On a visit to Laugh-In, William was asked why he had consented to an interview which appeared in the May, 1970, issue of Playboy. William said he did the interview, "To communicate my views to my son!"

• Buckley's younger brother, Fergus Reid Buckley, is an author, debate-master, and founder of the Buckley School of Public Speaking.

• Another of Buckley's brothers, James L. Buckley, is a senior judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (retired 2000), and a former U.S. Senator from New York. They have appeared together on Firing Line.

• Buckley co-authored a book, McCarthy and His Enemies, with his brother-in-law, attorney L. Brent Bozell Jr. (Bozell married Buckley's sister, Patricia). Bozell's son, L. Brent Bozell, III, is an author, political commentator, and founder of the Media Research Center.

• Buckley's sister Priscilla L. Buckley is the author of Living It Up With National Review: A Memoir for which he wrote the foreword.

[edit] Trivia

• Buckley was mentioned in the 2005 film, Good Night, and Good Luck, as a potential candidate to defend the behavior of Senator Joseph R. McCarthy on Edward R. Murrow's television program, See It Now. Buckley eventually did not speak in place of McCarthy; McCarthy himself appeared on the program.

• Buckley also plays the harpsichord very well and did so once on Late Night With Conan O'Brian. Buckley is also an accomplished pianist and was once a guest on Marian McPartland's NPR show "Piano Jazz".

• With his ability to engage on a wide range of subjects, Buckley was a favorite guest of Johnny Carson on The Tonight Show. Carson considered him a friend and would introduce him as "Bill Buckley".^{[citation needed]}

• Impressionist David Frye included Buckley in his portfolio in the 1960s and 1970s, mastering Buckley's quirky mannerisms, such as his deliberate speech pattern, his use of pen or pencil as a prop, and his tendency to grin and open his eyes wide when making a self-satisfying verbal point.

• Comic actor Joe Flaherty frequently portrayed Buckley on the television show SCTV.

• Buckley has taken Ritalin for decades, for low blood pressure.

• Buckley is also a great fan of Bach and has said that he would want it played at his funeral.

• Buckley visited the RMS Titanic in the submarine Nautille in 1987.

• Buckley has made several transoceanic sailing voyages across the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.

• The comic strip Mallard Fillmore mentioned Buckley, encouraging him to run for president in 2008.^[13]

[edit] Footnotes

[edit] Books

• Buckley, William F., Jr. (2004). Miles Gone By: A Literary Autobiography. Washington, D.C., Regnery. ISBN 0-89526-089-1. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (2004). The Fall of the Berlin Wall. Wiley, John & Sons, inc. ISBN 0-471-26736-8. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (2003). Getting It Right. Regnery Publishing, Inc. ISBN 0-89526-138-3. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (2002). Nuremberg: The Reckoning. Harcourt. ISBN 1-4132-2282-X. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (2001). Elvis in the Morning. Harcourt. ISBN 0-15-600754-1. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (2001). Let Us Talk of Many Things: The Collected Speeches. Crown Publishing Group. ISBN 0-7615-3409-1. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (2001). Spytime: The Undoing of James Jesus Angleton. Harcourt. ISBN 0-641-52638-5. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1999). The Redhunter: A Novel Based on the Life of Senator Joe McCarthy. Warner Books, Inc. ISBN 0-316-11589-4. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1998). Buckley: The Right Word. Harcourt. ISBN 0-15-600569-7. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1998). The Lexicon: A Cornucopia of Wonderful Words for the Inquisitive Word Lover. Harcourt. ISBN 0-15-600616-2. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1997). Nearer My God: An Autobiography of Faith. New York, Doubleday. ISBN 0-15-600618-9. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1995). Brothers No More. Harvest/HBJ Book. ISBN 0-15-600476-3. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1993). Happy Days Were Here Again: Reflections of a Libertarian Journalist. Random House. ISBN 0-679-40398-1. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1992). In Search of Anti-Semitism. Continuum International. ISBN 0-8264-0619-X. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1992). WindFall: The End of the Affair. Mckay. ISBN 0-679-40397-3. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1990). Gratitude: Reflections on What We Owe to Our Country. Random House. ISBN 0-394-57674-8. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1989). On the Firing Line: The Public Life of Our Public Figures. Random House. ISBN 0-394-57568-7. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1988). Big Game Hunting in Central Africa. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-02165-8. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1987). Racing through Paradise: A Pacific Passage. Random House. ISBN 0-394-55781-6. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1985). Right Reason: A Collection. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15235-3. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1984). Airborne: A Sentimental Journey. Little, Brown & Company. ISBN 0-316-11438-3. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1983). Overdrive: A Personal Documentary. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-18269-4. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1982). Atlantic High: A Celebration. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15233-7. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1980). Who's On First. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-14681-7. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1978). Hymnal: The Controversial Arts. Penguin. ISBN 0-399-12227-3. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1977). Unmaking of a Mayor. Crown Publishing. ISBN 0-87000-391-7. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1975). Execution Eve and Other Contemporary Ballads. Penguin. ISBN 0-399-11531-5. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1974). United Nations Journal: A Delegate's Odyssey. Penguin. ISBN 0-399-11408-4. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1973). Four Reforms: A Guide for the Seventies. G. P. Putnam's Sons. ISBN 0-399-11170-0. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1971). Cruising Speed: A Documentary. Penguin. ISBN 0-399-10181-0. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1964). Dialogues in Americanism. Constructive Action, Inc. ISBN 0-911956-14-X. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1962) The Committee and Its Critics: A Calm Review of the House Committee on Un-American Activities G.P. Putnam's Sons
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1961). Up From Liberalism. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-8128-2969-7. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1954). McCarthy and His Enemies: The Record and Its Meaning. Regnery Publishing, Inc. ISBN 0-87000-110-8. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1951). God and Man at Yale: The Superstitions of Academic Freedom. Regnery Publishing, Inc. ISBN 0-89526-692-X. 

[edit] Blackford Oakes book series

• Buckley, William F., Jr. (2005). Last Call for Blackford Oakes. Harcourt. ISBN 0-15-101085-4. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1999). The Blackford Oakes Reader. iUniverse, Inc. ISBN 1-58348-383-7. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1993). A Very Private Plot. William Morrow & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-688-12795-9. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1990). Tucker's Last Stand. Random House. ISBN 0-394-57675-6. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1987). Mongoose R.I.P.. Random House. ISBN 0-394-55931-2. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1986). High Jinx. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-19443-9. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1985). See You Later Alligator. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-19442-0. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1984). Story of Henri Tod. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15234-5. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1982). Marco Polo, If You Can. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15232-9. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1980). Who's On First. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-15231-0. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1978). Stained Glass. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-12542-9. 
• Buckley, William F., Jr. (1976). Saving the Queen. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-03800-3. 

[edit] References

[edit] Books

• (2001) Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of American Writers. Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster. 
• (2003) Contemporary Authors. Farmington Hills, Michigan: The Gale Group. 
• Buckley, Reid (1999). Strictly Speaking. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-134610-4. 
• Lamb, Brian (2001). Booknotes: Stories from American History. New York: Penguin. ISBN 1-58648-083-9. 
• Gottfried, Paul E. The Conservative Movement, 1993. ISBN 0-8057-9749-1
• John B. Judis. William F. Buckley, Jr.: Patron Saint of the Conservatives (1990), full-scale biography
• George H. Nash. The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945 (2006)
• Winchell, Mark Royden (1984). William F. Buckley, Jr.. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company. ISBN 0-8057-7431-9. 

• Smith, W. Thomas, Jr. (2003). Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 0-8160-4667-0. 
• Straus, Tamara (1997). The Literary Almanac: The Best of the Printed Word: 1900 to the Present. New York: High Tide Press. ISBN 1-56731-328-0. 

[edit] Web sites

• William F. Buckley, Jr.. C-Span American Writers II. Retrieved on September 2, 2004.

[edit] External links

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• Hillsdale College Buckley Online archive of published works
• National Review Online
  • Current Editorial at NR by William F. Buckley
  • NR Buckley archives at townhall.com
• Firing Line Program Collection (Stanford University)
• William F. Buckley at the Internet Movie Database
• William F. Buckley at the Notable Names Database
• Appreciating Bill Buckley
• Sept. 3, 1999 Salon.com feature on Buckley
• Happy is the Columnist who has no history
• The Pied Pipers of Neoconservatism
• Buckley's Final Passage?
• Pied Piper for the Establishment
• Buckley Revealed
• William F. Buckley Jr. and the John Birch Society
• Interview with Buckley
• Review of Buckley's autobiography Miles Gone By
• NPR: A Life on the Right: William F. Buckley
• Cathleen P. Black and William F. Buckley Jr. to Receive Magazine Industry Lifetime Achievement Awards
• The Decline of National Review, by James P. Lubinskas, American Renaissance, September, 2000.
• Neoconservatism: a CIA Front?, by Gregory Pavlik. The Rothbard-Rockwell Report, 1997.
• How I Was Fired By Bill Buckley by Joseph Sobran.
• William Buckley being interviewed by Richard Heffner of Rutgers University in the Open Mind Series
• 1985 audio interview of William F. Buckley Jr., RealAudio
• ML NewsHour: William F. Buckley Jr.
• Video of a lecture at the Harvard Institute of Politics 11/2/1995.
• Video of William F. Buckley debating Noam Chomsky (1969)