Wilson's Warbler

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Wilson's Warbler
Conservation status
Least Concern
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Passeriformes Family: Parulidae Genus: Wilsonia Species: W. pusilla
Binomial name
Wilsonia pusilla (Wilson, 1811)

The Wilson's Warbler, (Wilsonia pusilla), is a New World warbler. It breeds in northern North America across Canada and south through the western USA.

It is migratory, wintering in Central America. This is a very rare vagrant to western Europe.

The Wilson's Warbler is 12 cm long. It has a plain green-brown back and yellow underparts. The male has a small black cap. Males of the western race W. p. chryseola are greener above and brighter than the eastern race.

The breeding habitat is fairly open woodlands with undergrowth or shrubs. Wilson's Warblers nest on the ground, laying 4-6 eggs in a cup nest.

These birds feed on insects, often caught by flycatching.

The song is a series of descending notes. The call is a loud chif.

This bird was first described in 1811 by the American ornithologist Alexander Wilson, who gave his own name to the species.

Contents 1 References 2 External Links 3 Further readaing 3.1 Book 3.2 Thesis 3.3 Articles

[edit] References

• BirdLife International (2004). Wilsonia pusilla. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 12 May 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern

• Wilsonia pusilla (TSN 178973). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Accessed on 27 February 2006.
• Curson, Quinn and Beadle. New World Warblers ISBN 0-7136-3932-6

[edit] External Links

• Wilson's Warbler - Wilsonia pusilla - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
• Wilson's Warbler Species Account - Cornell Lab of Ornithology
• Wilson's Warbler Information and Photos - South Dakota Birds and Birding

[edit] Further readaing

[edit] Book

• Ammon, E. M., and W. M. Gilbert. 1999. Wilson’s Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla). In The Birds of North America, No. 478 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.

[edit] Thesis

• Ammon EM. Ph.D. (1995). Reproductive strategies and factors determining nest success in subalpine ground-nesting passerines. University of Colorado at Boulder, United States -- Colorado.

• Hagar JC. Ph.D. (2004). Functional relationships among songbirds, arthropods, and understory vegetation in Douglas-fir forests, western Oregon. Oregon State University, United States -- Oregon.

• Hedges LK. M.S. (1997). Passerine migration in the Davis Mountains of Trans-Pecos Texas: An analysis of bird banding data for August 1992-May 1997. Sul Ross State University, United States -- Texas.

• Otahal CD. M.S. (1996). Sexual differences in Wilson's Warbler migration. San Jose State University, United States -- California.

• Ramos Olmos MA. Ph.D. (1983). SEASONAL MOVEMENTS OF BIRD POPULATIONS AT A NEOTROPICAL STUDY SITE IN SOUTHERN VERACRUZ, MEXICO. University of Minnesota, United States -- Minnesota.

• Santana-Castellon E. Ph.D. (2000). Dynamics of understory birds along a cloud forest successional gradient. The University of Wisconsin - Madison, United States -- Wisconsin.

[edit] Articles

• Bennett GF, Caines JR & Bishop MA. (1988). Influence of Blood Parasites on the Body Mass of Passeriform Birds. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. vol 24, no 2. p. 339-343.

• Benson A-M, Andres BA, Johnson WN, Savage S & Sharbaugh SM. (2006). Differential timing of Wilson's Warbler migration in Alaska. Wilson Journal of Ornithology. vol 118, no 4. p. 547-551.

• Burg TM, Gaston AJ, Winker K & Friesen VL. (2005). Rapid divergence and postglacial colonization in western North American Steller's jays (Cyanocitta stelleri). Molecular Ecology. vol 14, no 12. p. 3745-3755.

• Chase MK, Nur N & Geupel GR. (1997). Survival, productivity, and abundance in a Wilson's warbler population. Auk. vol 114, no 3. p. 354-366.

• Clegg SM, Kelly JF, Kimura M & Smith TB. (2003). Combining genetic markers and stable isotopes to reveal population connectivity and migration patterns in a neotropical migrant, Wilson's warbler (Wilsonia pusilla). Molecular Ecology. vol 12, no 4. p. 819-830.

• Eckhardt RC. (1979). The Adaptive Syndromes of 2 Guilds of Insectivorous Birds in the Colorado USA Rocky Mountains. Ecological Monographs. vol 49, no 2. p. 129-150.

• Eisermann K & Schulz U. (2005). Birds of a high-altitude cloud forest in Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. Revista de Biologia Tropical. vol 53, no 3-4. p. 577-594.

• Etterson MA. (2003). An observation of singing by a female-plumaged Canada Warbler. Southeastern Naturalist. vol 2, no 3. p. 419-422.

• Flannery ME, Guers SL, Gardali T, Nur N & Geupel GR. (2004). Landbird migration at the Salton Sea: The value of desert riparian habitat. Studies in Avian Biology. vol 27, p. 106-115.

• Gilbert WM & Carroll AF. (1999). Singing in a mated female Wilson's Warbler. Wilson Bulletin. vol 111, no 1. p. 134-137.

• Gram WK & Faaborg J. (1997). The distribution of neotropical migrant birds wintering in the El Cielo Biosphere Reserve, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Condor. vol 99, no 3. p. 658-670.

• Hall GA. (1981). Fall Migration Patterns of Wood Warblers in the Southern Appalachians USA. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol 52, no 1. p. 43-49.

• Hutto RL. (1981). Seasonal Variation in the Foraging Behavior of Some Migratory Western Wood Warblers. Auk. vol 98, no 4. p. 765-777.

• Jones J, Gibb CE, Millard SC, Barg JJ, Girvan MK, Veit ML, Friesen VL & Robertson RJ. (2005). Multiple selection pressures generate adherence to Bergmann's rule in a Neotropical migratory songbird. Journal of Biogeography. vol 32, no 10. p. 1827-1833.

• Kelly JF. (2006). Stable isotope evidence links breeding geography and migration timing in wood warblers (Parulidae). Auk. vol 123, no 2. p. 431-437.

• Kelly JF, Atudorei V, Sharp ZD & Finch DM. (2002). Insights into Wilson's Warbler migration from analyses of hydrogen stable-isotope ratios. Oecologia. vol 130, no 2. p. 216-221.

• Kelly JF, Delay LS & Finch DM. (2002). Density-dependent mass gain by Wilson's Warblers during stopover. Auk. vol 119, no 1. p. 210-213.

• Kelly JF & Hutto RL. (2005). An east-west comparison of migration in North American wood warblers. Condor. vol 107, no 2. p. 197-211.

• Kimura M, Clegg SM, Lovette IJ, Holder KR, Girman DJ, Mila B, Wade P & Smith TB. (2002). Phylogeographical approaches to assessing demographic connectivity between breeding and overwintering regions in a nearctic-neotropical warbler (Wilsonia pusilla). Molecular Ecology. vol 11, no 9. p. 1605-1616.

• Komar O, O'Shea BJ, Peterson AT & Navarro-Siguenza AG. (2005). Evidence of latitudinal sexual segregation among migratory birds wintering in Mexico. Auk. vol 122, no 3. p. 938-948.

• Lemon RE, Struger J & Lechowicz MJ. (1983). Song Features as Species Discriminants in American Warblers Parulidae. Condor. vol 85, no 3. p. 308-322.

• Lopes RJ, Marques JC & Wennerberg L. (2006). Migratory connectivity and temporal segregation of dunlin (Calidris alpina) in Portugal: evidence from morphology, ringing recoveries and mtDNA. Journal of Ornithology. vol 147, no 2. p. 385-394.

• Lynn JC, Chambers CL & Rosenstock SS. (2006). Use of wildlife water developments by birds in southwest Arizona during migration. Wildlife Society Bulletin. vol 34, no 3. p. 592-601.

• Michaud JC, Gardali T, Nur N & Girman DJ. (2004). Effects of nest predation and brood parasitism on population viability of Wilson's Warblers in coastal California. Wilson Bulletin. vol 116, no 1. p. 41-47.

• Morrison ML. (1981). The Structure of Western Warbler Assemblages Analysis of Foraging Behavior and Habitat Selection in Oregon USA. Auk. vol 98, no 3. p. 578-588.

• Morrison ML & Meslow EC. (1983). Bird Community Structure on Early Growth Clear Cuts in Western Oregon USA. American Midland Naturalist. vol 110, no 1. p. 129-137.

• Otahal CD. (1995). Sexual differences in Wilson's Warbler migration. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol 66, no 1. p. 60-69.

• Paget J. (1991). Additional Georgia winter records for Wilson's warbler. Oriole. vol 56, no 1. p. 16-17.

• Paton PWC & Pogson TH. (1996). Relative abundance, migration strategy, and habitat use of birds breeding in Denali National Park, Alaska. Canadian Field Naturalist. vol 110, no 4. p. 599-606.

• Paxton KL, Van Riper C, Theimer TC & Paxton EH. (2007). Spatial and temporal migration patterns of Wilson's Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla) in the southwest as revealed by stable isotopes. Auk. vol 124, no 1. p. 162-175.

• Pittaway R. (1989). Behavioral Identification of the Wilson's Warbler. Ontario Birds. vol 7, no 1. p. 28-29.

• Pomara LY, Cooper RJ & Petit LJ. (2003). Mixed-species flocking and foraging behavior of four Neotropical warblers in Panamanian shade coffee fields and forests. Auk. vol 120, no 4. p. 1000-1012.

• Raley CM & Anderson SH. (1990). Availability and Use of Arthropod Food Resources by Wilson's Warblers and Lincoln's Sparrows in Southeastern Wyoming USA. Condor. vol 92, no 1. p. 141-150.

• Rappole JH, King DI & Barrow WC, Jr. (1999). Winter ecology of the endangered Golden-cheeked Warbler. Condor. vol 101, no 4. p. 762-770.

• Rhymer JM, McAuley DG & Ziel HL. (2005). Phylogeography of the American woodcock (Scolopax minor): Are management units based on band recovery data reflected in genetically based management units?. Auk. vol 122, no 4. p. 1149-1160.

• Richardson TW, Pyle P, Burnett R & Capitolo P. (2003). The occurrence and seasonal distribution of migratory birds on Southeast Farallon Island, 1968-1999. Western Birds. vol 34, no 2. p. 58-96.

• Rubenstein DR & Hobson KA. (2004). From birds to butterflies: animal movement patterns and stable isotopes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. vol 19, no 5. p. 256-263.

• Ruth JM & Stanley TR. (2002). Breeding habitat use by sympatric and allopatric populations of Wilson's Warblers and Yellow Warblers. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol 73, no 4. p. 412-419.

• Scott A. (1994). Atlanta area winter record for Wilson's warbler. Oriole. vol 59, no 2-3. p. 65-66.

• Skagen SK, Melcher CP, Howe WH & Knopf FL. (1998). Comparative use of riparian corridors and oases by migrating birds in southeast Arizona. Conservation Biology. vol 12, no 4. p. 896-909.

• Smaldon R. (1990). Wilson's Warbler New to the Western Palearctic. British Birds. vol 83, no 10. p. 404-408.

• Spicer GS. (1978). A New Species and Several New Host Records of Avian Nasal Mites Acarina Rhinonyssinae Turbinoptinae. Journal of Parasitology. vol 64, no 5. p. 891-894.

• Stewart PA. (1986). Fall Migration of Twelve Species of Wood Warblers through Coastal Virginia USA. North American Bird Bander. vol 11, no 3. p. 83-88.

• Stewart RM, Henderson RP & Darling K. (1977). Breeding Ecology of the Wilsons Warbler in the High Sierra-Nevada California. Living Bird. vol 16, p. 83-102.

• Swanson DL, Carlisle HA & Liknes ET. (2003). Abundance and richness of Neotropical migrants during stopover at farmstead woodlots and associated habitats in southeastern South Dakota. American Midland Naturalist. vol 149, no 1. p. 176-191.

• Wade P, Smith T & Girman DJ. (1996). Molecular genetic analysis of wintering and breeding populations of Wilson's Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla), a neotropical migrant passerine. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America. p. PART 2) 464, 1996.

• Weicker JJ & Winker K. (2002). Sexual dimorphism in the birds from southern Veracruz, Mexico, and other localities. III. Wilson's Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla). Journal of Field Ornithology. vol 73, no 1. p. 62-69.

• White JD & Gardali T. (2004). Low incidence of cowbird parasitism on Swainson's thrushes in central coastal California. Western Birds. vol 35, no 3. p. 156-167.

• Yong W, Finch DM, Moore FR & Kelly JF. (1998). Stopover ecology and habitat use of migratory Wilson's warblers. Auk. vol 115, no 4. p. 829-842.

• Zajac RM, Cerasale DJ & Guglielmo CG. (2006). The rapid response of plasma metabolites to changes in feeding rate in a small passerine Wilson's warbler Wilsonia pusilla. Journal of Avian Biology. vol 37, no 4. p. 405-408.