Windows NT 4.0

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Windows NT 4.0
（微软操作系统 系列的一部份）
zh-tw:螢幕擷圖;zh-hk:螢幕擷圖;zh-cn:屏幕截图
用户界面与Windows 95相似
研發
微软
網站：www.microsoft.com/ntserver
發佈zh-tw: 資訊; zh-cn: 信息; zh-hk: 資訊
zh-tw: 原始碼; zh-cn: 源代码; zh-hk: 原始碼類型：	不开放源代码
授權：	微软最终用户许可协议
zh-tw: 核心; zh-hk: 核心; zh-cn: 内核;類型：	Hybrid kernel
zh-tw: 支援; zh-cn: 支持; zh-hk: 支持狀態
Unsupported as of December 31, 2004.[1]

Windows NT 4.0 是第4个微软的NT系统 "New Technology" line of 作業系統s, which was started with Windows NT 3.1 in 1993. NT 4.0 was released to manufacturing on1996年 7月29日 . It is a 32-bit Windows system available in both workstation and server editions with a graphical environment similar to that of Windows 95.

While providing far greater stability than Windows 95, it was also less flexible from a desktop perspective. Much of the stability is gained by virtualising the hardware and having software applications access the system APIs rather than the hardware directly as was done in DOS-based versions, including Windows 95 and later. The trade-off is that writing to the APIs rather than hardware directly requires much more work be done by the computer and so hardware intensive applications such as games run much slower. While many programs written for the Win32 API will run on both Windows 95 and Windows NT, despite support for DirectX, the majority of 3D games will not.

Windows NT 4.0 is also less user-friendly than Windows 95 when it comes to certain maintenance and mangement tasks, there is for instance no device management overview of the PC's hardware.

The dichotomy between the NT and "9x" lines of Windows ended with the arrival of Windows XP, by which time the gaming APIs—such as OpenGL and DirectX—had matured sufficiently to be more efficient to write for than common PC hardware and the hardware itself had become powerful enough to handle the API processing overhead acceptably.

Windows NT 4.0 was rendered obsolete with the advent of Windows 2000 but it remained (as of 2006) in widespread use as a stable workhorse despite Microsoft's efforts to persuade customers to upgrade to more recent versions.

目录 1 Features 2 Service Packs 3 Editions 3.1 Servers 3.2 其他 4 Security 5 External links 6 References

[编辑] Features

Most noticeable was that both the workstation and server editions of Windows NT 4.0 had gained the user interface of Windows 95, including the Windows Shell, Windows Explorer (known as Windows NT Explorer), and the use of "My" nomenclature (e.g. My Documents).

The server editions of Windows NT 4.0 include a built-in web server, Internet Information Services version 2.0. It also natively supported plugins and extensions of Microsoft FrontPage, a web site creation and management application.

Other important features included with this release were Microsoft Transaction Server for network applications, and Microsoft Message Queuing (MSMQ), which improved communication.

One significant change from previous versions of Windows NT was that the Graphics Device Interface (GDI) was incorporated into the kernel^[2] to speed up the Graphical user interface (GUI), which resulted in a significant performance improvement over Windows NT 3.51, but also created the requirement to have graphics drivers located in the kernel, resulting in potential stability issues.

One drawback to Windows NT 4.0 was its lack of support for Direct3D. This however was resolved in all future releases of the NT family such as Windows 2000. Windows NT 4.0 also did not support USB, but that was also fixed with the release of Windows 2000. 3rd party utilities also exist that provide DirectX and USB support within Windows NT 4.0.

[编辑] Service Packs

Microsoft released Windows NT 4.0 service packs primarily to fix bugs. Windows NT 4.0, during the product's lifecycle, had several service packs, as well as numerous service rollup packages and option packs. The last full service pack was Service Pack 6a (SP6a).

Software	Date
Release To Manufacture	7月29日 1996年
General Release	8月24日 1996年
Service Pack 1	10月16日 1996年
Service Pack 2	12月14日 1996年
Service Pack 3	5月15日 1997年
Service Pack 4	10月25日 1998年
Service Pack 5	5月4日 1999年
Service Pack 6	11月22日 1999年
Service Pack 6a	11月30日 1999年
Post Service Pack 6a Security Rollup	2001年 7月26日

A SP7 was planned at one stage in early 2001年, but this became the Post SP6a Security Rollup and not a full Service Pack.

The service packs and an option pack were also released to add features. These included newer versions of Internet Information Services, versions 3.0, and 4.0, support for Active Server Pages, public-key and certificate authority functionality, smart card support, improved symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) scalability, clustering capabilities, and component object model (COM) support, among others.

[编辑] Editions

[编辑] Servers

• Windows NT 4.0 Server, released in 1996年, was designed for small-scale business server systems.
• Windows NT 4.0 Server, Enterprise Edition, released in 1997年 is the precursor to the Enterprise line of the Windows server family. Enterprise Server was designed for high-demand, high-traffic networks.
• Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server, released in 1998年, allows the users to log on remotely. The same functionality was called Terminal Services in Windows 2000, and Remote Desktop in Windows XP and Windows Server 2003.

Windows NT 4.0 Server was included in versions 4.0 and 4.5 of BackOffice Small Business Server suite.

[编辑] 其他

• Windows NT 4.0 Workstation was designed for use as the general business desktop OS. Boasting a pure 32-Bit environment, with excellent stability, it quickly became a success for its intended market.
• Windows NT 4.0 Embedded was designed for special function devices like an ATM or kiosk.

[编辑] Security

There is no fix for the MS03-010 security issue on Windows NT 4.0 because Microsoft claims that "Due to these fundamental differences between Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000 and its successors, it is infeasible to rebuild the software for Windows NT 4.0 to eliminate the vulnerability. To do so would require rearchitecting a very significant amount of the Windows NT 4.0 operating system, and not just the RPC component affected. The product of such a rearchitecture effort would be sufficiently incompatible with Windows NT 4.0 that there would be no assurance that applications designed to run on Windows NT 4.0 would continue to operate on the patched system."

Instead, Microsoft suggested that Windows NT 4.0 users protect the NT 4.0 system with a firewall that blocks Port 135.

On December 31, 2004, Microsoft cut off all technical support including security updates for Windows NT 4. Because of this, Microsoft is recommending current Windows NT customers to upgrade to a newer, more secure operating system such as Windows 2000 or Windows Server 2003.

[编辑] External links

• Windows NT Workstation 4.0 Official Product Page
• Windows NT Server 4.0 Official Product Page
• Screen shots of Windows NT 4.0 Workstation
• Guidebook: Windows NT 4.0 Gallery – A website dedicated to preserving and showcasing Graphical User Interfaces
• HPC:Factor Windows NT 4.0 Workstation Patches & Updates Guide
• HPC:Factor Windows NT 4.0 Server Patches & Updates Guide
• Windows NT 4.0 Reference Material

[编辑] References

1. ↑ Windows Operating System Product Support Lifecycle FAQ Microsoft - 於2006-09-21zh-tw:造;zh-cn:采訪。
2. ↑ Windows IT Pro - Windows NT 4.0, April 1996

• Keith Pleas，Windows IT Pro, Windows NT 4.0，Penton Media Inc.，1996-04。

檢 • 論 • 編 • 歷 Microsoft Windows的历史
基於MS-DOS的版本	1.0 - 2.0 - 3.x - 95 - 98 - Me
基於NT的版本	NT 3.1 - NT 3.5 - NT 3.51 - NT 4.0 - 2000 - XP(IA-64 AMD64) - Server 2003 - FLP - Vista
基於CE的版本	CE 3.0 - CE 4.0 - CE 5.0 - CE 6.0 - Mobile
未来版本	Server "Longhorn" - Home Server - "Vienna"
其他版本	Neptune - Nashville - Cairo - OS/2