Ali Shariati
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Dr. Ali Shariati (Persian: علی شريعتی) (1933–1977) was an Iranian sociologist, well known and respected for his works in the field of sociology of religion.
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[edit] Biography
Ali Shariati was born in 1933 in Mazinan, a suburb of Sabzevar, Iran, and his father was a progressive nationalist preacher and Islamic scholar who would later participate in his son's political movements.
In his years at the Teacher's Training College, Shariati came into contact with young people who were from the less privileged economic classes of the society, and for the first time saw the poverty and hardship that existed in Iran during that period. At the same time he was exposed to many aspects of Western philosophical and political thought as evident in his writings. He attempted to explain and provide solutions for the problems faced by Muslim societies through traditional Islamic principles interwoven with and understood from the point of view of modern sociology and philosophy. Shariati was also deeply influenced by Moulana Rumi and Muhammad Iqbal.
He received his bachelor's degree from the University of Mashhad, then continued his graduate studies at the University of Paris, where he earned his doctorate in sociology in 1964. He then returned to Iran where he was promptly arrested and imprisoned by the Imperial Iranian authorities who had accused him of engaging in subversive political activities while in France. He was eventually released some time later in 1965, at which point he began teaching at the University of Mashhad. His courses became popular among students from all social classes, which once again prompted action by the Imperial authorities who forced the University to prevent him from teaching.
Shariati then went to Tehran where he began lecturing at the Hosseiniye Ershad Institute. These lectures proved to be a hugely popular success amongst his students and as a result word of mouth spread rapidly throughout all economic sectors of the society, including among the middle and upper classes where interest in Shariati's teachings began to grow immensely.
The Imperial authorities soon took a special interest once again in Shariati's continued success, and the police soon had him, as well as many of his students, under arrest. Widespread pressure from the populace and international outcry eventually led to the end of his eighteen month prison term, and he was released by the Imperial state on March 20, 1975 under special circumstances whereby he would not be allowed to teach, publish, or hold gatherings, whether public or private. The state security apparatus, SAVAK, would also maintain close scrutiny of his every movement.
Shariati rejected these conditions and decided to leave the country for England. Three weeks later he died of what was announced as a heart attack.[1] Many in Iran believe that SAVAK was responsible for his death. His shrine is in Damasus, Syria in the yard of Zainab bint Ali's shrine.
Shariati is considered to be one of the most influential philosophical leaders of pre-revolutionary Iran and the impact and popularity of his thought continues to be felt throughout Iranian society many years later.
[edit] Legacy
[edit] Shariati's most important books and speeches
- Hajj (The Pilgrimage)
- Where Shall We Begin?
- Mission of a Free Thinker
- The Free Man and Freedom of the Man
- Extraction and Refinement of Cultural Resources
- Martyrdom (book)
- Arise and Bear Witness
- Ali
- An approach to Understanding Islam
- A Visage of Prophet Muhammad
- A Glance of Tomorrow's History
- Reflections of Humanity
- A Manifestation of Self-Reconstruction and Reformation
- Selection and/or Election
- Norouz, Declaration of Iranian's Livelihood, Eternity
- Expectations from the Muslim Woman
- Horr (Battle of Karbala)
- Abu-Dahr
- Islamology
- Red Shi'ism vs. Black Shi'ism
- Jihad and Shahadat
- Reflections of a Concerned Muslim on the Plight of Oppressed People
- A Message to the Enlightened Thinkers
- Art Awaiting the Saviour
- Fatemeh is Fatemeh
- The Philosophy of Supplication
- Religion versus Religion
- Man and Islam - see chapter "Modern Man and His Prisons"
[edit] References
- ^ An Islamic Utopian: A Political Biography of Ali Shariati by Ali Rahnema, ISBN 1860641180
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- The Official Web Site of Dr Ali Shariati
- Humanity and the People Power: A Tribute to Dr. Ali Shariati by Dr. Mohammad Omar Farooq
- Ali Shariati and the Istehmar Theory by Tarek Heggy
- 'Ali Shari'ati: Islamic Fundamentalist, Marxist Ideologist and Sufi Mystic by David Zeidan
- Critical Religious Reason: Ali Shari'ati on Religion, Philosophy and Emancipation by Abbas Manoochehri
- Dr. Ali Shariati and the Role of Sacred Morality by Daniel Trent Dillon
- The forgotten revolutionary: Ali Shariati by Lawrence Reza Ershaghi
