Anthem (novella)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 |
|
| Author | Ayn Rand |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Genre(s) | Fiction |
| Publisher | Cassell (London) |
| Released | 1938 |
| Pages | 147 |
Anthem is a dystopian, science-fiction novella by philosopher Ayn Rand, first published in 1938.
Anthem is a dystopic science fiction story taking place at some unspecified future date. Mankind has entered another dark age as a result of what Rand saw as the weaknesses of socialistic thinking and economics. Technological advancement is now carefully planned (when it is allowed to occur at all) and the concept of individuality has been eliminated (for example, the word "I" has disappeared from the language). As is common in her work, Rand draws a clear distinction between the "socialist/communal" values of equality and brotherhood and the "productive/capitalist" values of achievement and individuality. The story also parallels Stalinist Russia, which was in existence at the time the story was published.
Many of the novella's core themes, such as the struggle between individualism and collectivism, are echoed in Rand's later books, such as The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged.
Contents |
[edit] Plot summary
Equality 7-2521, writing in a tunnel under the earth, explains his background, the society around him, and his emigration. His exclusive use of plural pronouns (we, our, they) to refer to himself and others is immediately obvious. He recounts his early life. He was raised, like all children in the world of Anthem, away from his parents in the Home of the Infants, then transferred to the Home of the Students, where he began his schooling. Later, he realized that he was born with a curse: he is eager to think and question, and unwilling to give up his self for others, which violates the principles upon which Anthem's society is founded. He excelled in math and science, and dreamed of becoming a Scholar. However, the Council of Vocations assigned him to the Home of the Street Sweepers.
Equality is assigned to work as a street sweeper, and accepts it willingly to repent for his transgression (his desire to learn). He works with International 4-8818 and Union 5-3992. International is exceptionally tall, a great artist (which is his transgression, as only people chosen to be artists may draw), and Equality's only friend (having a friend also being a crime because, in Anthem's society, one is not supposed to prefer one of one's brothers over the rest). Union, "they of the half-brain," suffers from epilepsy.
However, he remains curious. One day, he finds the entrance to a subway tunnel in his assigned work area and explores it, despite his colleague's protests that an action unauthorized by a Council is forbidden. Equality realizes that the tunnel is left over from the Unmentionable Times, before the creation of Anthem's society, and is curious about it. During the daily three hour-long play, he leaves the rest of the community at the theater and enters the tunnel and undertakes scientific experiments.
Working outside the City one day, by a field, Equality meets and falls in love with a woman, Liberty 5-3000, whom he names "The Golden One".
Continuing his scientific work, he rediscovers electricity and the lightbulb. He decides to take his inventions to the World Council of Scholars, so that they will recognize his talent and allow him to work with them. He is still motivated by a socially instilled need to aid his fellow citizens. However, his absence from the Home of the Street Sweepers is noticed, and he is arrested and then sent to the Palace of Corrective Detention, from which he easily escapes after being tortured.
The day after his escape, he walks in on the World Council of Scholars, and presents his finding to them. They are horrified, and reject it because it was not authorized by a Council and threatens to upset the equilibrium of their world. When they try to destroy his invention, he takes it and flees into the forest outside the City.
After living in the forest for several days, Equality stumbles upon the Golden One, Liberty 5-3000, who has followed him from the City. They embrace, struggling to express their feelings for each other as they have no knowledge of the word "I". They find and enter a house from the Unmentionable Times in the mountains, perfectly preserved for hundreds of years by thick overgrowth. They decide to live in it.
Whilst reading books from the house's library, Equality and Liberty discover the forbidden word "I", and understand the word's sacred value and the individuality it expresses. They give themselves new names from the books: Equality becomes Prometheus, and Liberty becomes Gaea. As the book closes, Prometheus talks about the past, wonders how men could give up their individuality, and charts a future in which they will regain it.
[edit] Anthem and We
Anthem bears notable similarities to Yevgeny Zamyatin's novel We, which also influenced George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four. Like Zamyatin (but unlike Orwell), Rand had some experience of the Soviet system.
We was published before Anthem, in 1920, and Rand would have been able to read it before it was translated into English. In fact she left Russia six years after We was published.
Below is a list of the similarities and differences between the two:
Similarities
- The narrator speaks in the first-person plural, rather than the first-person singular, i.e., "We" rather than "I", at least to begin with.
- People have numbers, rather than names. Although this particular Hive/Ultra-Communist set up has been much copied since in science fiction, it was not so common when Zamyatin was writing.
- Both novels take the form of a secret journal or diary.
- The narrator is a male who is influenced positively by a female character.
- The society raises children away from their parents.
Differences
- Anthem takes place in a regressing society; We involves the departure of a spacecraft to new worlds.
- Rand's characters win, but We's undergo medical treatment.
- Anthem's society has fuller control over its subjects.
- Anthem is serious, and permissibly believable, whereas We is more satirical and near whimsical in nature.
[edit] Copyright status
Anthem entered the public domain in the United States at the end of 1966, due to the failure to renew its copyright after 28 years as then required by US law. The book's copyright status in other countries is dependent on their adoption and interpretation of the rule of the shorter term for this title; however, under the usual life plus 50 years rules of the Berne Convention, its copyright would remain in effect until 2033.
[edit] Influence on popular culture
[edit] 2112
The title track on the 1976 concept album 2112, by progressive rock band Rush, has a story that very strongly parallels Anthem (although, perhaps naturally, the protagonist of 2112 discovers a guitar instead of a light bulb). The "liner notes" of the album acknowledge "the genus [sic] of Ayn Rand." (This is the remastered version. The original album contains the correct spelling of "genius.")
Neil Peart, lyricist for Rush said that 2112 was based on Anthem and inspired by it; though he did say that he didn't notice that they were so alike until afterwards, and so thought that it was necessary to provide a reference. Through his success as a lyricist and drummer in pop culture, Neil Peart has become one of the biggest popularizers of Rand's ideas, although that was not the purpose of 2112 or his song "Anthem" on their earlier album Fly by Night.
Even though it was a successful album and came out a few years before her death, there is no widely known record of Rand commenting on the album. In fact, there is no evidence that she was ever aware of its existence. She had gone on record saying that she didn't like rock music, and made antagonizing comments on the fact that musicians "went back" to the use of drums during the 20th century in one of her essays on esthetics. This is at least mildly ironic considering that Neil Peart was not only Rush's lyricist, but also their drummer, and is also considered by many to be among the best drummers ever.
[edit] A Time of Changes
A novel by Robert Silverberg that also seems to play out a similar story, if not one entirely influenced by these preceding stories.
[edit] Further Reading
- Mayhew, Robert (2005). Essays on Ayn Rand's Anthem. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0-7391-1031-4.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Book outline
- The Project Gutenberg E-text of Anthem
- The Annual Anthem Essay Contest
- Anthem audio edition. Free mp3 downloads Narrated by Michael Scott of ThoughtAudio.com
