Hackled orb-weaver
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Ariston |
The hackled orbweavers (family Uloboridae) have the special distinction of being non-venomous spiders. Their lack of poison glands is a secondary evolved trait.[1]
All members of this family produce a feathery, fuzzy silk called cribellate (or hackled) silk.[2] These spiders do not use an adhesive on their orb webs, but rather the very fine fibers on each strand of silk tend to ensnare prey. Hackled orbweaver webs often have a stabilimentum or zig-zag pattern through the center.
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[edit] Distribution
This family has almost worldwide distribution. There are only two species known from northern Europe: Uloborus walckenaerius and Hyptiotes paradoxus.
[edit] Genera
- Ariston O. P-Cambridge, 1896 (Central America)
- Astavakra Lehtinen, 1967 (Philippines)
- Conifaber Opell, 1982 (South America)
- Daramulunia Lehtinen, 1967 (Samoa, Fiji, New Hebrides)
- Hyptiotes Walckenaer, 1837 (Palearctic)
- Lubinella Opell, 1984 (New Guinea)
- Miagrammopes O. P.-Cambridge, 1870 (America, Austrasia)
- Octonoba Opell, 1979 (Russia, Central Asia to Japan)
- Orinomana Strand, 1934 (South America)
- Philoponella Mello-Leitão, 1917 (Africa, America, Asia, Australia)
- Polenecia Lehtinen, 1967 (Mediterranean to Azerbaijan)
- Purumitra Lehtinen, 1967 (Australia, Philippines)
- Siratoba Opell, 1979 (USA, Mexico)
- Sybota Simon, 1892 (South America)
- Tangaroa Lehtinen, 1967 (Oceania)
- Uloborus Latreille, 1806 (worldwide)
- Waitkera Opell, 1979 (New Zealand)
- Zosis Walckenaer, 1842 (Pantropical)
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Joachim Haupt, personal communication
- ^ Coddington, J.A. & Levi, H.W. (1991). Systematics and Evolution of Spiders (Araneae). Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 22:565-592
- Opell, B.D. (1984). Lubinella, a new genus of Uloboridae (Arachnida, Araneae). J. Arachnol., 11:441-446 PDF
[edit] External links
