Lund

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Lund

	City arms
	55° 42´ N 13° 12´ E
	Charter	City (990)
	Municipality	Lund Municipality
	County	Skåne County
	Province	Skåne
	Population	102 257 (December 31, 2005)[1]

Lund (help·info) IPA: [lɵnd] is a city in Scania (Swedish: Skåne) in southern Sweden. The city is held to have been founded around 990, when the Scanian lands belonged to Denmark. It soon became the Christian center of Northern Europe with an archbishop and with the towering Lund Cathedral, built in 1103.

It is the home of Lund University, Scandinavia's largest institution for education and research.^[2] The city itself today has about 103.000 inhabitants not counting all temporary students. The Lund Municipality with 102 257^[1] inhabitants includes several surrounding small towns and villages, particularly to the east. The municipality includes Dalby and the adjacent Dalby Söderskog national park.

Contents 1 History 2 Geography 3 Buildings 4 Districts and places 4.1 Parks 4.2 Squares 5 Culture 5.1 Literature and art 5.2 Lundakarnevalen (The Lund carnival) 5.3 Museums 5.4 Music 6 Sports 7 Industry 8 Lund Principle 9 Twin cities 10 Education 11 Notable natives 12 Notes 13 External links

[edit] History

The foundation of Lund remains unclear. Until recently, the town was thought to have been founded by King Canute the Great around 1020, however, recent archeological discoveries suggest that the first settlement was founded around 990, when the village of Uppåkra was moved to Lund's location, by King Sweyn I Forkbeard. The distance is only some five kilometres, but Lund is located on a hill, and on the other side of a ford, giving the new site considerable defensive advantages compared to Uppåkra, that is situated on the highest point of a rather large plain. Beside new techniques of warfare, the relocation is believed to signify the process of unification of Denmark.

The city was made see in 1060, and in 1103 made the site of the archbishop for Scandinavia. The Lund Cathedral was similarly founded in or shortly after 1103. In 1152, the Norwegian archdiocese of Nidaros was founded as a separate province of the church, independent of Lund. In 1164 Sweden also got an archbishop of its own, although nominally subordinate to the archbishop of Lund.

Lund Cathedral School (Katedralskolan) was founded in 1085 by the Danish king Canute the Saint. This is the oldest school in Scandinavia and one of the oldest in Northern Europe. Many well-known people have attended it, among whom actor Max von Sydow and several high ranking politicians.

In 1658, all Scanian counties except the island Anholt, were ceded by Denmark to Sweden by the Treaty of Roskilde. On December 4, 1676 it was defended in the Battle of Lund, one of the bloodiest battles fought in Scandinavia. Lund University, established in 1666 as a means of "Swedification", is Sweden's largest with 41,000 full or part-time students, though not all students actually live in Lund (the figure includes Lund Institute of Technology which is in some ways independent of the old University). As late as the 1940s, Lund was a relatively small city with few large-scale industries, covering only about a fourth of the current urban area and was dominated by the Cathedral and the University. Since then, the student population has increased about twelvefold, many industrial companies in the chemical, medical or electronics branches and, more recently, within information management, have set up establishments in the city, and the town's population, architecture and pulse has been transformed.

Compared to many other Swedish cities, however, the urban heart of Lund is very well preserved, and there is even a local law demanding archaeological exploration, if it has not been carried out before, on any downtown property which is set to be razed and rebuilt; this, and a lively local opinion, makes it difficult to initiate large-scale redevelopment of some parts of the city centre.

[edit] Geography

As an unavoidable consequence of Lund's location on a hill, albeit gently sloping, the city experiences a considerable difference in altitude, a fact of disadvantage to students and others who use bicycles as their main means of transportation. The difference in altitude is about 80 meters from the lowest point in the south to the highest point in the north.

Lund is located in Sweden's largest agricultural district, less than ten kilometres from the sandy shore of the Öresund Straits and about 16 kilometers from Malmö. From the top of the hill Sankt Hans Backar it is possible to spot Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark. In the eastern part of the Lund municipality there is extensive forest, mainly decidious trees.

[edit] Buildings

Lund houses many notable buildings. During the 12th and 13th centuries, when the town was the seat for the arch bishop, many churches and monasteries were built. At its peak, Lund had 27 churches although most of them were demolished as result of the reformation in 1536.

The street system, which partly hasn't changed for centuries, shows the signs of a typical medieval town. The central part of the city is heart shaped, which is a telling example of medieval town planning. There are a few medieval buildings left, including Lund Cathedral, Liberiet, Krognoshuset, Stäket and parts of the Cathedral School.

Timber framing is characteristic of the houses built up until the end of the 19th century. Most of the central buildings in Lund are from the late 19th century though, when small houses were replaced by multistory buildings. Notable buildings built during this period include the University Library (1902), Grand Hotel (1899) and the University Main Building (1882)

Liberiet	Grand Hotel (Lund)	The University Library	The Cathedral School
Allhelgonakyrkan	AF-borgen

[edit] Districts and places

• Gunnesbo
• Klostergården
• Kobjer
• Linero
• Mårtens Fälad
• Norra Fäladen
• Norra Nöbbelöv
• Nilstorp
• Värpinge
• Vipeholm
• Östra Torn

[edit] Parks

• Stadsparken
• Botaniska Trädgården
• Folkparken
• Gustavshemsparken
• Monumentsparken
• Sankt Hans Backar
• Trolle Wachmeisters park

[edit] Squares

• Bantorget
• Clemenstorget
• Gustav Adolfs torg
• Kobjerstorget
• Mårtenstorget
• Stortorget

[edit] Culture

Much of the culture in Lund is characterized by the large student population. There are several cultural institutions, such as Lunds stadsteater (theatre), Kulturmejeriet (concerts), Stadshallen (concerts, theatre etc), Olympen, AF-borgen among others.

[edit] Literature and art

Some of the classical writers who have lived in Lund during some time include August Strindberg, Esaias Tegnér, Ola Hansson, Axel Lundegård, Anders Östling, Bengt Lindforss, and Vilhelm Ekelund.

[edit] Lundakarnevalen (The Lund carnival)

Lundakarnevalen is a carnival held every fourth year since 1849, arranged by the students at Lund university. Some students dress up in costumes, often relating to and poking fun of current issues, and parade in wagons that. Others perform funny skits in the evenings.

[edit] Museums

[edit] Music

[edit] Sports

[edit] Industry

Lund is home to the Tetra Pak company that manufactures and markets paper packaging and equipment for milk, orange juice etc. all over the world. Sony Ericsson develops cell phone handsets in Lund based on platforms Ericsson Mobile Platforms (EMP) develop and sell to several cell phone manufacturers. Other important industries include medical technology (Gambro), pharmaceuticals (Astra Zeneca), biotechnology (Active Biotech, among others), (Alfa Laval) and publishing and library services.

[edit] Lund Principle

The "Lund Principle" is an important principle in ecumenical relations among Christian churches. The principle affirms that churches should act together in all matters except those in which deep differences of conviction compel them to act separately. It was agreed by the year 1952 Faith and Order Conference of the World Council of Churches held at Lund.

[edit] Twin cities

Lund has a twin city in each of the Nordic countries, as well as in other world regions.^[3]

• Viborg, Denmark
• Hamar, Norway
• Borgå, Finland
• Dalvík, Iceland

• Nevers, France
• León, Nicaragua
• Greifswald, Germany
• Zabrze, Poland

[edit] Education

• Lund University
• Lund Institute of Technology
• Lund School of Economics and Management
• Royal Swedish Physiographic Society

[edit] Notable natives

• Esaias Tegnér
• Max von Sydow
• Lars Norén
• Magnus Gustafsson
• Carl Fredrik Hill
• Kai M Siegbahn
• Henrik Sundström
• Joachim Johansson
• Timbuktu

[edit] Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} Lund Municipality homepage, population
2. ^ Welcome to Lund University
3. ^ Lund Municipality homepage, twin cities

[edit] External links

• Lund Municipality - Official site (Swedish) (English)
• Lund travel guide from Wikitravel
• Visitlund.se Tourist information

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Lund is one of 134 towns with the historical City status in Sweden.

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