Reveal system

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A modern system of plant taxonomy, the Reveal system of plant classification was drawn up by the botanist J.L. Reveal (1941- ), professor emeritus at the Norton Brown Herbarium, Maryland (see his cv).

The last update of the system was made in 1999. The author later joined the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and contributed to the APG II system.

It is available online in lecture notes (dated 1999) at the Norton Brown Herbarium, Maryland (with an extensive listing of synonyms, both nomenclatural and taxonomic, for each name in the system): 1, 2, 3 4, 4, 6 7, 8, 9 10.

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According to these lecture notes the main groups in the system are

• division Magnoliophyta [= angiosperms]

  class Magnoliopsida

  subclass Magnoliidae

  class Piperopsida

  subclass Piperidae

  subclass Nymphaeidae

  subclass Nelumbonidae

  class Liliopsida [= monocots]

  subclass Triurididae

  subclass Aridae

  subclass Liliidae

  subclass Arecidae

  subclass Commelinidae

  subclass Zingiberidae

  class Ranunculopsida

  subclass Ranunculidae

  class Rosopsida

  subclass Caryophyllidae

  subclass Hamamelididae

  subclass Dilleniidae

  subclass Rosidae

  subclass Cornidae

  subclass Lamiidae

  subclass Asteridae

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In more detail:

• division 6. Magnoliophyta

  class 1. Magnoliopsida

  subclass 1. Magnoliidae

  superorder 1. Magnolianae

  order 1. Winterales

  family 1. Winteraceae

  order 2. Canellales

  family 1. Canellaceae

  order 3. Illiciales

  family 1. Illiciaceae

  family 2. Schisandraceae

  order 4. Magnoliales

  family 1. Degeneriaceae

  family 2. Himantandraceae

  family 3. Magnoliaceae

  order 5. Eupomatiales

  family 1. Eupomatiaceae

  order 6. Annonales

  family 1. Annonaceae

  order 7. Myristicales

  family 1. Myristicaceae

  order 8. Austrobaileyales

  family 1. Austrobaileyaceae

  superorder 2. Lauranae

  order 1. Laurales

  family 1. Amborellaceae

  family 2. Trimeniaceae

  family 3. Monimiaceae

  family 4. Gomortegaceae

  family 5. Hernandiaceae

  family 6. Lauraceae

  order 2. Calycanthales

  family 1. Calycanthaceae

  family 2. Idiospermaceae

  order 3. Chloranthales

  family 1. Chloranthaceae

  class 2. Piperopsida

  subclass 1. Piperidae

  superorder 1. Piperanae

  order 1. Piperales

  family 1. Saururaceae

  family 2. Piperaceae

  superorder 2. Lactoridanae

  order 1. Lactoridales

  family 1. Lactoridaceae

  order 2. Aristolochiales

  family 1. Aristolochiaceae

  superorder 3. Rafflesianae

  order 1. Hydnorales

  family 1. Hydnoraceae

  order 2. Rafflesiales

  family 1. Apodanthaceae

  family 2. Mitrastemonaceae

  family 3. Rafflesiaceae

  family 4. Cytinaceae

  superorder 4. Balanophoranae

  order 1. Cynomoriales

  family 1. Cynomoriaceae

  order 2. Balanophorales

  family 1. Mystropetalaceae

  family 2. Dactylanthaceae

  family 3. Lophophytaceae

  family 4. Sarcophytaceae

  family 5. Scybaliaceae

  family 6. Heloseaceae

  family 7. Langsdorffiaceae

  family 8. Balanophoraceae

  subclass 2. Nymphaeidae

  superorder 1. Nymphaeanae

  order 1. Nymphaeales

  family 1. Nymphaeaceae

  family 2. Barclayaceae

  subclass 3. Nelumbonidae

  superorder 1. Nelumbonanae

  order 1. Nelumbonales

  family 1. Nelumbonaceae

  order 2. Hydropeltidales

  family 1. Hydropeltidaceae

  family 2. Cabombaceae

  superorder 2. Ceratophyllanae

  order 1. Ceratophyllales

  family 1. Ceratophyllaceae

  class 3. Liliopsida

  subclass 1. Alismatidae

  superorder 1. Butomanae

  order 1. Butomales

  family 1. Butomaceae

  superorder 2. Alismatanae

  order 1. Alismatales

  family 1. Limnocharitaceae

  family 2. Alismataceae

  order 2. Hydrocharitales

  family 1. Hydrocharitaceae

  order 3. Aponogetonales

  family 1. Aponogetonaceae

  order 4. Najadales

  family 1. Najadaceae

  order 5. Juncaginales

  family 1. Scheuchzeriaceae

  family 2. Juncaginaceae

  order 6. Potamogetonales

  family 1. Potamogetonaceae

  family 2. Ruppiaceae

  family 3. Zannichelliaceae

  family 4. Zosteraceae

  family 5. Posidoniaceae

  family 6. Cymodoceaceae

  subclass 2. Triurididae

  superorder 1. Triuridanae

  order 1. Triuridales

  family 1. Triuridaceae

  subclass 3. Aridae

  superorder 1. Acoranae

  order 1. Acorales

  family 1. Acoraceae

  superorder 2. Aranae

  order 1. Arales

  family 1. Araceae

  superorder 3. Cyclanthanae

  order 1. Cyclanthales

  family 1. Cyclanthaceae

  superorder 4. Pandananae

  order 1. Pandanales

  family 1. Pandanaceae

  subclass 4. Liliidae

  order 1. Lilianae

  order 1. Tofieldiales

  family 1. Tofieldiaceae

  order 2. Dioscoreales

  family 1. Trichopodaceae

  family 2. Stenomeridaceae

  family 3. Avetraceae

  family 4. Dioscoreaceae

  family 5. Stemonaceae

  family 6. Croomiaceae

  family 7. Pentastemonaceae

  family 8. Taccaceae

  order 3. Smilacales

  family 1. Rhipogonaceae

  family 2. Smilacaceae

  family 3. Petermanniaceae

  order 4. Nartheciales

  family 1. Nartheciaceae

  order 5. Petrosaviales

  family 1. Petrosaviaceae

  order 6. Melanthiales

  family 1. Chionographidaceae

  family 2. Heloniadaceae

  family 3. Xerophyllaceae

  family 4. Melanthiaceae

  family 5. Japonoliriaceae

  family 6. Campynemataceae

  order 7. Trilliales

  family 1. Trilliaceae

  order 8. Alstroemeriales

  family 1. Alstroemeriaceae

  order 9. Colchicales

  family 1. Burchardiaceae

  family 2. Colchicaceae

  family 3. Tricyrtidaceae

  family 4. Uvulariaceae

  family 5. Scoliopaceae

  family 6. Calochortaceae

  order 10. Liliales

  family 1. Liliaceae

  family 2. Medeolaceae

  order 11. Hypoxidales

  family 1. Hypoxidaceae

  order 12. Orchidales

  family 1. Orchidaceae

  order 13. Tecophilaeales

  family 1. Lanariaceae

  family 2. Ixioliriaceae

  family 3. Walleriaceae

  family 4. Tecophilaeaceae

  family 5. Cyanastraceae

  family 6. Eriospermaceae

  order 14. Iridales

  family 1. Iridaceae

  order 15. Burmanniales

  family 1. Burmanniaceae

  family 2. Corsiaceae

  order 16. Amaryllidales

  family 1. Hyacinthaceae

  family 2. Themidaceae

  family 3. Alliaceae

  family 4. Hesperocallidaceae

  family 5. Amaryllidaceae

  order 17. Asparagales

  family 2. Convallariaceae

  family 3. Ophiopogonaceae

  family 4. Asparagaceae

  order 18. Asteliales

  family 1. Dracaenaceae

  family 2. Ruscaceae

  family 3. Nolinaceae

  family 4. Asteliaceae

  family 6. Geitonoplesiaceae

  family 7. Luzuriagaceae

  family 8. Philesiaceae

  order 19. Hanguanales

  family 1. Hanguanaceae

  order 20. Agavales

  family 1. Dasypogonaceae

  family 2. Calectasiaceae

  family 3. Hemerocallidaceae

  family 4. Blandfordiaceae

  family 5. Xanthorrhoeaceae

  family 6. Agavaceae

  family 7. Anthericaceae

  family 8. Laxmanniaceae

  family 9. Herreriaceae

  family 10. Phormiaceae

  family 11. Johnsoniaceae

  family 12. Doryanthaceae

  family 13. Asphodelaceae

  family 14. Aloaceae

  family 15. Aphyllanthaceae

  family 16. Hostaceae

  subclass 5. Arecidae

  superorder 1. Arecanae

  order 1. Arecales

  family 1. Arecaceae

  subclass 6. Commelinidae

  superorder 1. Bromelianae

  order 1. Bromeliales

  family 1. Bromeliaceae

  order 2. Velloziales

  family 1. Velloziaceae

  superorder 2. Pontederianae

  order 1. Haemodorales

  family 1. Haemodoraceae

  order 2. Philydrales

  family 1. Philydraceae

  order 3. Pontederiales

  family 1. Pontederiaceae

  superorder 3. Commelinanae

  order 1. Xyridales

  family 1. Rapateaceae

  family 2. Xyridaceae

  family 3. Mayacaceae

  order 2. Commelinales

  family 1. Commelinaceae

  order 3. Eriocaulales

  family 1. Eriocaulaceae

  superorder 4. Hydatellanae

  order 1. Hydatellales

  family 1. Hydatellaceae

  superorder 5. Typhanae

  order 1. Typhales

  family 1. Typhaceae

  family 2. Sparganiaceae

  superorder 6. Juncanae

  order 1. Juncales

  family 1. Juncaceae

  family 2. Thurniaceae

  order 2. Cyperales

  family 1. Cyperaceae

  order 3. Flagellariales

  order 4. Restionales

  family 1. Flagellariaceae

  family 2. Joinvilleaceae

  family 3. Restionaceae

  family 4. Anarthriaceae

  family 5. Ecdeiocoleaceae

  family 6. Centrolepidaceae

  order 5. Poales

  family 1. Poaceae

  subclass 7. Zingiberidae

  superorder 1. Zingiberanae

  order 1. Zingiberales

  family 1. Strelitziaceae

  family 2. Heliconiaceae

  family 3. Musaceae

  family 4. Lowiaceae

  family 5. Zingiberaceae

  family 6. Costaceae

  family 7. Cannaceae

  family 8. Marantaceae

  class 4. Ranunculopsida

  subclass 1. Ranunculidae

  superorder 1. Ranunculanae

  order 1. Lardizabalales

  family 1. Lardizabalaceae

  family 2. Sargentodoxaceae

  family 3. Decaisneaceae

  order 2. Menispermales

  family 1. Menispermaceae

  order 3. Berberidales

  family 1. Nandinaceae

  family 2. Berberidaceae

  family 3. Ranzaniaceae

  family 4. Podophyllaceae

  family 5. Leonticaceae

  order 4. Ranunculales

  family 1. Hydrastidaceae

  family 2. Ranunculaceae

  order 5. Circaeasterales

  family 1. Kingdoniaceae

  family 2. Circaeasteraceae

  order 6. Glaucidiales

  family 1. Glaucidiaceae

  order 7. Paeoniales

  family 1. Paeoniaceae

  order 8. Papaverales

  family 1. Pteridophyllaceae

  family 2. Papaveraceae

  class 5. Rosopsida

  subclass 1. Caryophyllidae

  superorder 1. Caryophyllanae

  order 1. Caryophyllales

  family 1. Achatocarpaceae

  family 2. Portulacaceae

  family 3. Hectorellaceae

  family 4. Basellaceae

  family 5. Didiereaceae

  family 6. Cactaceae

  family 7. Stegnospermataceae

  family 8. Phytolaccaceae

  family 9. Petiveriaceae

  family 10. Gisekiaceae

  family 11. Agdestidaceae

  family 12. Barbeuiaceae

  family 13. Nyctaginaceae

  family 14. Sarcobataceae

  family 15. Aizoaceae

  family 16. Sesuviaceae

  family 17. Tetragoniaceae

  family 18. Halophytaceae

  family 19. Molluginaceae

  family 20. Chenopodiaceae

  family 21. Amaranthaceae

  family 22. Caryophyllaceae

  superorder 2. Polygonanae

  order 1. Polygonales

  family 1. Polygonaceae

  superorder 3. Plumbaginanae

  order 1. Plumbaginales

  family 1. Plumbaginaceae

  subclass 2. Hamamelididae

  superorder 1. Trochodendranae

  order 1. Trochodendrales

  family 1. Trochodendraceae

  family 2. Tetracentraceae

  order 2. Eupteleales

  family 1. Eupteleaceae

  order 3. Cercidiphyllales

  family 1. Cercidiphyllaceae

  superorder 2. Myrothamnanae

  order 1. Myrothamnales

  family 1. Myrothamnaceae

  superorder 3. Hamamelidanae

  order 1. Hamamelidales

  family 1. Hamamelidaceae

  family 2. Altingiaceae

  family 3. Platanaceae

  superorder 4. Casuarinanae

  order 1. Casuarinales

  family 1. Casuarinaceae

  superorder 5. Daphniphyllanae

  order 1. Barbeyales

  family 1. Barbeyaceae

  order 2. Daphniphyllales

  family 1. Daphniphyllaceae

  order 3. Balanopales

  family 1. Balanopaceae

  order 4. Didymelales

  family 1. Didymelaceae

  order 5. Buxales

  family 1. Buxaceae

  order 6. Simmondsiales

  family 1. Simmondsiaceae

  superorder 6. Juglandanae

  order 1. Fagales

  family 1. Nothofagaceae

  family 2. Fagaceae

  order 2. Corylales

  family 1. Betulaceae

  family 2. Corylaceae

  family 2. Stylocerataceae

  family 3. Ticodendraceae

  order 3. Myricales

  family 1. Myricaceae

  order 4. Rhoipteleales

  family 1. Rhoipteleaceae

  order 5. Juglandales

  family 1. Juglandaceae

  subclass 3. Dilleniidae

  superorder 1. Dillenianae

  order 1. Dilleniales

  family 1. Dilleniaceae

  superorder 2. Theanae

  order 1. Paracryphiales

  family 1. Paracryphiaceae

  order 2. Theales

  family 1. Stachyuraceae

  family 2. Theaceae

  family 3. Asteropeiaceae

  family 4. Pentaphylacaceae

  family 5. Tetrameristaceae

  family 6. Oncothecaceae

  family 7. Marcgraviaceae

  family 8. Caryocaraceae

  family 9. Pellicieraceae

  family 10. Clusiaceae

  order 3. Physenales

  family 1. Physenaceae

  order 4. Ochnales

  family 1. Medusagynaceae

  family 2. Strasburgeriaceae

  family 3. Scytopetalaceae

  family 4. Ochnaceae

  family 5. Quiinaceae

  order 5. Elatinales

  family 1. Elatinaceae

  order 6. Ancistrocladales

  family 1. Ancistrocladaceae

  order 7. Dioncophyllales

  family 1. Dioncophyllaceae

  superorder 3. Lecythidanae

  order 1. Lecythidales

  family 1. Lecythidaceae

  family 2. Asteranthaceae

  family 3. Napoleonaeaceae

  family 4. Foetidiaceae

  superorder 4. Sarracenianae

  order 1. Sarraceniales

  family 1. Sarraceniaceae

  superorder 5. Nepenthanae

  order 1. Nepenthales

  family 1. Nepenthaceae

  order 2. Droserales

  family 1. Droseraceae

  superorder 6. Ericanae

  order 1. Actinidiales

  family 1. Actinidiaceae

  order 2. Ericales

  family 1. Cyrillaceae

  family 2. Clethraceae

  family 3. Ericaceae

  order 3. Diapensiales

  family 1. Diapensiaceae

  order 4. Bruniales

  family 1. Bruniaceae

  family 2. Grubbiaceae

  order 5. Geissolomatales

  family 1. Geissolomataceae

  order 6. Fouquieriales

  family 1. Fouquieriaceae

  superorder 7. Primulanae

  order 1. Styracales

  family 1. Styracaceae

  family 2. Symplocaceae

  family 3. Ebenaceae

  family 4. Lissocarpaceae

  family 5. Sapotaceae

  order 2. Primulales

  family 1. Theophrastaceae

  family 2. Myrsinaceae

  family 3. Primulaceae

  superorder 8. Violanae

  order 1. Violales

  family 1. Berberidopsidaceae

  family 2. Aphloiaceae

  family 3. Bembiciaceae

  family 4. Flacourtiaceae

  family 5. Lacistemataceae

  family 6. Peridiscaceae

  family 7. Violaceae

  family 8. Dipentodontaceae

  family 9. Scyphostegiaceae

  order 2. Passiflorales

  family 1. Passifloraceae

  family 2. Turneriaceae

  family 3. Malesherbiaceae

  family 4. Achariaceae

  order 3. Caricales

  family 1. Caricaceae

  order 4. Salicales

  family 1. Salicaceae

  order 5. Elaeocarpales

  family 1. Elaeocarpaceae

  order 6. Tamaricales

  family 1. Tamaricaceae

  family 2. Frankeniaceae

  superorder 9. Capparanae

  order 1. Moringales

  family 1. Moringaceae

  order 2. Gyrostemonales

  family 1. Gyrostemonaceae

  order 3. Batales

  family 1. Bataceae

  order 4. Capparales

  family 1. Koeberliniaceae

  family 2. Pentadiplandraceae

  family 3. Capparaceae

  family 4. Brassicaceae

  family 5. Tovariaceae

  family 6. Resedaceae

  superorder 10. Malvanae

  order 1. Cistales

  family 1. Bixaceae

  family 2. Cochlospermaceae

  family 3. Cistaceae

  family 4. Diegodendraceae

  order 2. Malvales

  family 1. Tiliaceae

  family 2. Dirachmaceae

  family 3. Monotaceae

  family 4. Dipterocarpaceae

  family 5. Sarcolaenaceae

  family 6. Plagiopteraceae

  family 7. Huaceae

  family 8. Sterculiaceae

  family 9. Sphaerosepalaceae

  family 10. Bombacaceae

  family 11. Malvaceae

  order 3. Thymelaeales

  family 1. Gonystylaceae

  family 2. Thymelaeaceae

  superorder 11. Cucurbitanae

  order 1. Begoniales

  family 1. Datiscaceae

  family 2. Begoniaceae

  order 2. Cucurbitales

  family 1. Cucurbitaceae

  superorder 12. Urticanae

  order 1. Urticales

  family 1. Ulmaceae

  family 2. Celtidaceae

  family 3. Moraceae

  family 4. Cecropiaceae

  family 5. Urticaceae

  family 6. Cannabaceae

  superorder 13. Euphorbianae

  order 1. Euphorbiales

  family 1. Euphorbiaceae

  family 2. Pandaceae

  family 3. Dichapetalaceae

  subclass 4. Rosidae

  superorder 1. Saxifraganae

  order 1. Cunoniales

  family 1. Cunoniaceae

  family 2. Davidsoniaceae

  family 3. Eucryphiaceae

  family 4. Brunelliaceae

  order 2. Cephalotales

  family 1. Cephalotaceae

  order 3. Greyiales

  family 1. Greyiaceae

  order 4. Francoales

  family 1. Francoaceae

  order 5. Crossosomatales

  family 1. Crossosomataceae

  order 6. Saxifragales

  family 1. Tetracarpaeaceae

  family 2. Penthoraceae

  family 3. Crassulaceae

  family 4. Grossulariaceae

  family 5. Pterostemonaceae

  family 6. Iteaceae

  family 7. Saxifragaceae

  superorder 2. Podostemanae

  order 1. Gunnerales

  family 1. Gunneraceae

  order 2. Haloragales

  family 1. Haloragaceae

  order 3. Podostemales

  family 1. Podostemaceae

  superorder 3. Celastranae

  order 1. Brexiales

  family 1. Brexiaceae

  order 2. Parnassiales

  family 1. Parnassiaceae

  family 2. Lepuropetalaceae

  order 3. Celastrales

  family 1. Celastraceae

  family 2. Goupiaceae

  family 3. Lophopyxidaceae

  family 4. Stackhousiaceae

  order 4. Salvadorales

  family 1. Salvadoraceae

  order 5. Aquifoliales

  family 1. Aquifoliaceae

  family 2. Phellinaceae

  family 3. Sphenostemonaceae

  family 4. Icacinaceae

  family 5. Cardiopteridaceae

  family 6. Aextoxicaceae

  order 6. Corynocarpales

  family 1. Corynocarpaceae

  superorder 4. Santalanae

  order 1. Medusandrales

  family 1. Medusandraceae

  order 2. Santalales

  family 1. Olacaceae

  family 2. Opiliaceae

  family 3. Santalaceae

  family 4. Misodendraceae

  family 5. Loranthaceae

  family 6. Eremolepidaceae

  family 7. Viscaceae

  superorder 5. Rosanae

  order 1. Rosales

  family 1. Rosaceae

  family 2. Neuradaceae

  family 3. Chrysobalanaceae

  superorder 6. Geranianae

  order 1. Geraniales

  family 1. Oxalidaceae

  family 2. Geraniaceae

  order 2. Linales

  family 1. Hugoniaceae

  family 2. Linaceae

  family 3. Ctenolophonaceae

  family 4. Ixonanthaceae

  family 5. Humiriaceae

  family 6. Erythroxylaceae

  family 7. Zygophyllaceae

  order 3. Balsaminales

  family 1. Balsaminaceae

  order 4. Vochysiales

  family 1. Malpighiaceae

  family 2. Trigoniaceae

  family 3. Vochysiaceae

  family 4. Tremandraceae

  family 5. Krameriaceae

  order 5. Polygalales

  family 1. Polygalaceae

  family 2. Xanthophyllaceae

  family 3. Emblingiaceae

  superorder 7. Fabanae

  order 1. Fabales

  family 1. Mimosaceae

  family 2. Caesalpiniaceae

  family 3. Fabaceae

  superorder 8. Rutanae

  order 1. Sapindales

  family 1. Staphyleaceae

  family 2. Tapisciaceae

  family 3. Melianthaceae

  family 4. Sapindaceae

  family 5. Hippocastanaceae

  family 6. Aceraceae

  family 7. Bretschneideraceae

  family 8. Akaniaceae

  order 2. Tropaeolales

  family 1. Tropaeolaceae

  order 3. Limnanthales

  family 1. Limnanthaceae

  order 4. Sabiales

  family 1. Sabiaceae

  order 5. Connarales

  family 1. Connaraceae

  order 6. Rutales

  family 1. Rutaceae

  family 2. Rhabdodendraceae

  family 3. Cneoraceae

  family 4. Simaroubaceae

  family 5. Picramniaceae

  family 6. Leitneriaceae

  family 7. Surianaceae

  family 8. Irvingiaceae

  family 9. Kirkiaceae

  family 10. Ptaeroxylaceae

  family 11. Tepuianthaceae

  family 12. Meliaceae

  family 13. Lepidobotryaceae

  order 7. Coriariales

  family 1. Coriariaceae

  order 8. Burserales

  family 1. Burseraceae

  family 2. Anacardiaceae

  family 3. Podoaceae

  superorder 9. Rhamnanae

  order 1. Rhamnales

  family 1. Rhamnaceae

  order 2. Elaeagnales

  family 1. Elaeagnaceae

  superorder 10. Proteanae

  order 1. Proteales

  family 1. Proteaceae

  superorder 11. Vitanae

  order 1. Vitales

  family 1. Vitaceae

  family 2. Leeaceae

  superorder 12. Rhizophoranae

  order 1. Rhizophorales

  family 1. Anisophylleaceae

  family 2. Rhizophoraceae

  superorder 13. Myrtanae

  order 1. Myrtales

  family 1. Combretaceae

  family 2. Crypteroniaceae

  family 3. Melastomataceae

  family 4. Psiloxylaceae

  family 5. Heteropyxidaceae

  family 6. Myrtaceae

  family 7. Alzateaceae

  family 8. Rhynchocalycaceae

  family 9. Penaeaceae

  family 10. Oliniaceae

  family 11. Lythraceae

  family 12. Trapaceae

  family 13. Onagraceae

  subclass. 5 Cornidae

  superorder 1. Cornanae

  order 1. Hydrangeales

  family 1. Escalloniaceae

  family 2. Hydrangeaceae

  family 3. Abrophyllaceae

  family 4. Argophyllaceae

  family 5. Corokiaceae

  family 6. Alseuosmiaceae

  family 7. Carpodetaceae

  family 8. Phyllonomaceae

  family 9. Pottingeriaceae

  family 10. Tribelaceae

  family 11. Melanophyllaceae

  family 12. Montiniaceae

  family 13. Kaliphoraceae

  family 14. Eremosynaceae

  family 15. Vahliaceae

  family 16. Columelliaceae

  order 2. Roridulales

  family 1. Roridulaceae

  order 3. Garryales

  family 1. Aucubaceae

  family 2. Garryaceae

  order 4. Desfontainiales

  family 1. Desfontainiaceae

  order 5. Aralidiales

  family 1. Aralidiaceae

  order 6. Cornales

  family 1. Mastixiaceae

  family 2. Davidiaceae

  family 3. Nyssaceae

  family 4. Curtisiaceae

  family 5. Cornaceae

  family 6. Alangiaceae

  family 7. Griseliniaceae

  superorder 2. Eucommianae

  order 1. Eucommiales

  family 1. Eucommiaceae

  superorder 3. Aralianae

  order 1. Torricelliales

  family 1. Helwingiaceae

  family 2. Torricelliaceae

  order 2. Pittosporales

  family 1. Pittosporaceae

  order 3. Byblidales

  family 1. Byblidaceae

  order 4. Araliales

  family 1. Araliaceae

  family 2. Hydrocotylaceae

  family 3. Apiaceae

  superorder 4. Dipsacanae

  order 1. Dipsacales

  family 1. Viburnaceae

  family 2. Sambucaceae

  family 3. Adoxaceae

  family 4. Caprifoliaceae

  family 5. Valerianaceae

  family 6. Dipsacaceae

  family 7. Morinaceae

  subclass 6. Lamiidae

  superorder 1. Gentiananae

  order 1. Gentianales

  family 1. Gelsemiaceae

  family 2. Loganiaceae

  family 3. Strychnaceae

  family 4. Gentianaceae

  family 5. Saccifoliaceae

  family 6. Geniostomaceae

  family 7. Plocospermataceae

  order 2. Rubiales

  family 1. Dialypetalanthaceae

  family 2. Rubiaceae

  family 3. Carlemanniaceae

  order 3. Apocynales

  family 1. Apocynaceae

  superorder 2. Solananae

  order 1. Solanales

  family 1. Solanaceae

  family 2. Sclerophylacaceae

  family 3. Goetzeaceae

  family 4. Duckeodendraceae

  family 5. Convolvulaceae

  family 6. Cuscutaceae

  family 7. Polemoniaceae

  family 8. Hydrophyllaceae

  family 9. Boraginaceae

  family 10. Tetrachondraceae

  family 11. Hoplestigmataceae

  family 12. Lennoaceae

  superorder 3. Loasanae

  order 1. Loasales

  family 1. Loasaceae

  superorder 4. Oleanae

  order 1. Oleales

  family 1. Oleaceae

  superorder 5. Lamianae

  order 1. Lamiales

  family 1. Buddlejaceae

  family 2. Stilbaceae

  family 3. Bignoniaceae

  family 4. Paulowniaceae

  family 5. Schlegeliaceae

  family 6. Globulariaceae

  family 7. Scrophulariaceae

  family 8. Veronicaceae

  family 9. Orobanchaceae

  family 10. Oftiaceae

  family 11. Myoporaceae

  family 12. Callitrichaceae

  family 13. Gesneriaceae

  family 14. Plantaginaceae

  family 15. Pedaliaceae

  family 16. Martyniaceae

  family 17. Trapellaceae

  family 18. Acanthaceae

  family 19. Lentibulariaceae

  family 20. Verbenaceae

  family 21. Phrymaceae

  family 22. Cyclocheilaceae

  family 23. Avicenniaceae

  family 24. Lamiaceae

  order 2. Hydrostachyales

  family 1. Hydrostachyaceae

  order 3. Hippuridales

  family 1. Hippuridaceae

  subclas 7. Asteridae

  superorder Campanulanae

  order 1. Menyanthales

  family 1. Menyanthaceae

  order 2. Goodeniales

  family 1. Goodeniaceae

  order 3. Stylidiales

  family 1. Donatiaceae

  family 2. Stylidiaceae

  order 4. Campanulales

  family 1. Pentaphragmataceae

  family 2. Sphenocleaceae

  family 3. Campanulaceae

  superorder 2. Asteranae

  order 1. Calycerales

  family 1. Calyceraceae

  order 2. Asterales

  family 1. Asteraceae