The Fountain (film)

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The Fountain
The Fountain theatrical poster
Directed by	Darren Aronofsky
Produced by	Arnon Milchan Eric Watson Iain Smith
Written by	Story: Darren Aronofsky Ari Handel Screenplay: Darren Aronofsky
Starring	Hugh Jackman Rachel Weisz Ellen Burstyn
Music by	Clint Mansell
Cinematography	Matthew Libatique
Distributed by	Warner Bros. Pictures Regency Enterprises (Sales) 20th Century Fox (Rights in most countries) TFM Distribution Kinowelt Ascot Elite
Release date(s)	November 22, 2006
Running time	96 min.
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$35 million
Official website
All Movie Guide profile
IMDb profile

The Fountain is a 2006 science fiction / fantasy film directed by Darren Aronofsky that follows three interwoven narratives that take place in the age of conquistadors, the modern day period, and the far future. The film stars Hugh Jackman and Rachel Weisz, whose characters' romance exist in all time periods. The Fountain explores the themes of love and mortality, drawing influences from Maya mythology. The film is framed with visual language by using transition scenes, light, and shapes.

Originally to be filmed in 2002 on a budget of $70 million with Brad Pitt and Cate Blanchett in the lead, The Fountain shut down production as a result of Pitt's departure. Aronofsky was able to resurrect the project in 2005 with half the budget. The director incorporated visual effects into The Fountain by using minimal computer-generated imagery. He reduced the use of computers by using inexpensive footage provided by a macro-photographer. The Fountain commercially released in the United States on November 22, 2006 to mixed reviews.

Contents 1 Plot 2 Production 2.1 Casting 2.2 Visual effects 2.3 Musical score 3 Themes 4 Marketing 5 Reception 6 DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray 7 References 8 External links

[edit] Plot

The Fountain takes place in three interweaving narratives that stretch from 16th century Spain to the modern day to deep space in the 26th century.

On a quest for immortality, Tomas (Hugh Jackman), a 16th century conquistador, and his two men approach a lost Mayan pyramid that holds the legendary Tree of Life. Maya warriors attack the conquistadors, and Tomas's men are killed in battle. Tomas's life is spared by the warriors, who force him to climb the pyramid. When Tomas reaches the temple at the top, he is stabbed in the belly by a Maya priest.

Flashforward to the present. Research oncologist Tommy Creo (Jackman) attempts to reverse brain tumors in rhesus monkeys through animal testing; his work is motivated by his young, cancer-stricken wife Izzi (Rachel Weisz). When the tests fail on a monkey named Donovan, Tommy is inspired to break medical protocol and use an untested compound derived from a Guatemalan tree. At first, the drug fails to stop the tumor's growth, but surprisingly rejuvenates Donovan's wounds and cognitive abilities.

Flashforward to the future. A bald, meditative Tom (Jackman) is seen with a large tree inside an ecospheric spacecraft, traveling towards a nebula. Back in the present, Izzi is stargazing on the roof of her home. Through the telescope, she shows Tommy a nebula, probably the Orion Nebula, describing it as Xibalba, the Mayan underworld. Izzi also tells Tommy about the book she has been writing with this theme, entitled The Fountain. The unfinished story describes a Spanish conquistador who is sent to the New World by Queen Isabella (Weisz) to find the immortality-granting Tree of Life.

While Izzi sleeps, Tommy begins reading her book. The story begins with the Grand Inquisitor Silecio (Stephen McHattie), who has demonized the Spanish queen Isabella as a heretic. Silecio slowly acquires territories to take Spain back from the queen, killing her followers along the way. Tomas plots to assassinate Silecio, but is stopped by Captain Ariel bearing an urgent message from the Queen. Returning to Isabella's court, Tomas is given a new mission: find the Tree of Life. The tree's location is revealed on a hidden map displayed by a Mayan dagger stolen by Father Avila (Mark Margolis), whose Franciscan order backs the Queen.

Having fallen asleep after reading the book, Tommy awakens to find that Izzi has left for the museum. When he meets her there, Izzi relates the creation myth of the Mayans: the world grows from a tree out of the First Father who sacrificed himself to create the world, with the First Father's head being hung in the sky to create Xibalba. Tommy insists on taking Izzi to her medical appointment, but she has a seizure and is rushed to the hospital. When she wakes up, she tells Tommy she is no longer afraid of death. Izzi also tells Tommy a story told to her by a Mayan guide: after the guide's father died, a seed was planted on his grave. According to the guide, his father became the tree, and part of him flew in the birds that ate from the tree.

Suffering from the thought of losing his beloved wife, Tommy drives himself to the brink trying to find a cure for Izzi's brain tumor. In parallel, the future Tom is afraid to face visions of Izzi and focuses on reaching the nebula. Tom reassures the living tree that it will be reborn.

In the present, a bedridden Izzi goes into cardiac arrest, and Tommy is forced to leave the room. In the hall, Dr. Lillian Guzetti (Ellen Burstyn) informs Tommy that the medical testing was successful: Donovan's tumor has begun shrinking. With this news, Tommy races back into his wife's room only to find that Izzi could not be resuscitated. Simultaneously, the future Tom is faced with the death of the tree, still beyond the reach of the nebula. During Izzi's funeral, Tommy tells Dr. Guzetti that "Death is a disease, like any other. And there is a cure. And I will find it."

The future Tom is haunted by visions of his wife asking him to finish writing her book. Tom confronts his fear of death and accepts dying, releasing him from the fear that held him back, giving him the ability to conceive the story's ending.

Flashback to the Mayan temple guard, who briefly sees the future Tom appear in place of Tomas. The priest addresses Tomas as 'First Father,' apologizes for not recognizing him, and presents himself as a sacrifice. After slitting the Mayan's throat, Tomas reaches the Tree of Life and extracts some sap for application to his abdominal wound. Seeing the stab-wound heal, Tomas drinks the sap, only to find leaves and flowers bursting from his body, burying him beside the tree. The future Tom finally passes into the heart of the nebula and enters Xibalba at peace with his imminent death as the star explodes. The present day Tommy is seen planting a tree seed over Izzi's grave.

A deep exhale is heard as the frame fades to white. Tommy's disembodied voice whispers, "I finished it." Izzi's voice asks, "Is everything all right?" and Tommy's voice responds, "Yes, everything's all right."

[edit] Production

In 1999, Darren Aronofsky and actor Jared Leto saw The Matrix together. Aronofsky said he had mused after seeing the film, "What kind of science fiction movie can people make now?" Aronofsky began to consider new ideas for a science fiction film with his friend from college, Ari Handel.^[1] In April 2001, Aronofsky entered negotiations with Warner Bros. and Village Roadshow to direct an untitled sci-fi epic with actor Brad Pitt in the lead role.^[2] Aronofsky's previous film, Requiem for a Dream, had been screened for Pitt, and the preliminary script for The Fountain persuaded the actor to join the project.^[3] Aronofsky had been writing the film with Handel, who had a Ph.D in neuroscience. The director said the film would explore new territory similar to how Star Wars, 2001: A Space Odyssey, and The Matrix had redefined the genre. Aronofsky wanted to go beyond typical science fiction films that were plot-driven by technology and science. "We've seen it all. It's not really interesting to audiences anymore. The interesting things are the ideas; the search for God, the search for meaning," said Aronofsky. The director said that the film would be "the most ambitious thing I've done to date and the biggest challenge".^[2]

Aronofsky was influenced by the accounts of Uruguayan journalist Eduardo Galeano, who wrote examples of myth from an indigenous perspective,^[4] particularly Galeano's Genesis trilogy.^[3] The film Once Upon a Time in America also served as an influence in Aronofsky's writing of The Fountain.^[5] The director traveled with a crew to Central America to consult with Mayan experts like Moises Morales Marquez and to explore the ruins of Palenque. The group also made a visit to Tikal, a jungle location that had been featured in the original Star Wars.^[1] To design a rainforest set, the films Aguirre, the Wrath of God and The Holy Mountain were screened for the crew for inspiration.^[6] In June 2001, actress Cate Blanchett entered talks to join Aronofsky's project.^[7] Aronofsky, who wanted the film's actual title to be a secret, gave the project the working title of The Last Man.^[8] Production was postponed to improve the script and wait for Blanchett, pregnant at the time of signing on board, to give birth to her child that December. The start date for production was tentatively set to begin in summer 2002.^[9]

In June 2002, Warner Bros. met with Aronofsky and producer Eric Watson, expressing concerns over an escalating budget and threatening to cease the project unless a cofinancier was found. Watson petitioned independent production companies for support and was able to enlist Regency Enterprises for assistance.^[3] Production was ultimately set for late October 2002 in Queensland and Sydney, Australia. The film, officially titled The Fountain, was greenlighted with a budget of $70 million, co-financed by Warner Bros. and New Regency, who had filled the gap after Village Roadshow's withdrawal from the project. Actress Ellen Burstyn, who starred in Aronofsky's Requiem for a Dream, had also been cast alongside Pitt and Blanchett.^[10] Preparation for production of The Fountain cost $18 million.^[11] Abruptly, Pitt, whose requested script revisions to the screenplay were not met, left the project seven weeks prior to the first day of shooting.^[1] The actor went on to star as Achilles in director Wolfgang Petersen's Troy.^[12] With the studio threatening to shut down the project, Aronofsky overnighted the script for The Fountain to actor Russell Crowe as a potential replacement for Pitt. However, Crowe, worn from recently completing Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World, declined the offer.^[3] In September 2002, Jeff Robinov, President of Production at Warner Bros. Pictures, announced that The Fountain would cease production,^[12] with Blanchett receiving compensation for her time and the Australian crew being fired from the halted project.^[3] Sets built for the production of the film, including a 10-story Aztec temple, were eventually auctioned off, in addition to props and other items.^[13] Pitt said that he was disappointed to leave and added, "I remain encouraged that The Fountain will yet have its day."^[12]

In February 2004, Warner Bros. resurrected Aronofsky's project and began to court actor Hugh Jackman to replace Pitt in the lead role. The film received a second greenlight with a budget of $35 million, in part due to the director's willingness to leave costly set pieces out of the screenplay.^[14] In August, actress Rachel Weisz joined Hugh Jackman for the project, filling the vacancy left by Blanchett. The Fountain was set to begin production in November 2004.^[15] By March 2005, filming was underway at a sound stage in Montreal,^[16] and lasted for 61 days.^[3] The film's locations, with the exception of scenes filmed at a museum and at a farmhouse, were built on the Montreal sound stage.^[17] Aronofsky, influenced by Bernal Díaz del Castillo's The Conquest of New Spain, applied the narrative in writing the film's conquistador scenes.^[18] 70 extras were cast as Maya warriors, and 20 of the extras were actually Mayan, flown in from Guatemala. An actual Maya spiritual leader was cast as the Maya spiritual leader in the film.^[16] To create the scene of the conquistador's death upon drinking the sap from the Tree of Life, Aronofsky drew from Maya mythology the description of when valiant warriors die, flowers and butterflies emerge from their bodies. Aronofsky excluded butterflies from the death scene to minimize the film's computer-generated imagery but kept the effect of flowers bursting from the conquistador's body.^[19]

In The Fountain, the Tree of Life was a central design and part of the film's three periods. The tree was based on Kabbalah's Sefirot, which depicts a "map" of Creation to understand the nature of God and how he created the world ex nihilo (out of nothing). The Sefirot Tree, being two to three hundred feet tall in lore, had to be resized for The Fountain to fit in the camera's frame.^[19] Pieces of driftwood and from real trees in Canada were collected for the tree's branches and roots, and sculpted molds of the pieces were applied to a steel frame to create the tree's body.^[20] According to production designer James Chinlund, the tree, part of an enormous set surrounded by green screens, and other sets presented difficult logistical problems due to the small budget provided for the resurrected project. The tree set itself had been a collaboration between Chinlund, Aronofsky, and cinematographer Matthew Libatique to create the appropriate design, particularly the palette in comparison to the biospheric ship that carries the tree in the astronaut period.^[21] Aronofsky described the astronaut period as a homage to David Bowie's "Space Oddity"; the protagonist's name "Tom" originating from the Major Tom of the popular song.^[18] Co-writer Ari Handel researched biospherics, such as the failed Biosphere 2, to help design the ship that carried the protagonist and the tree through space.^[21] About the goal to the glass-sphered ship's design, Aronofsky argued, "There is no reason a spaceship would be built like a giant truck in space."^[6]

The Fountain originally received an R rating for "Some violence" from the MPAA. The film was edited by the studio and re-rated PG-13 for "Intense sequences of violent action, some sensuality and language".^[22]

[edit] Casting

Director Darren Aronofsky was originally not familiar with Hugh Jackman until the actor was cast as Wolverine in X-Men. The director went to see Jackman perform as Peter Allen in the Broadway musical The Boy from Oz. Impressed with Jackman's performance, Aronofsky met with the actor, who had been looking for "a role that could show a lot of dimension". In addition to Jackman's casting, Aronofsky wrote into the script roles for Ellen Burstyn and Mark Margolis, who had appeared in the director's previous film, Requiem for a Dream.^[18]

Jackman researched and prepared for his role by practicing yoga and tai chi. Jackman took 14 months to achieve the lotus position, which is seen in the film. Jackman also watched a woman undergo brain tumor surgery and had been shaken to see the woman have similar blond hair to his wife: "All I could think of was my wife on that table. As much as I'd read the script and theorized and practiced philosophy, I knew in that moment that I was so not ready for death."^[23] The actor portrayed his various characters in The Fountain by physically acting differently for each persona. As the conquistador, Jackman was upright and forward-leaning to evoke an unstoppable nature. As the scientist, the actor hunched over with a dedicated focus on his character's work, being weighed down by the "world on his shoulders". As the astronaut, Jackman practiced the state of zen but also exhibited a continued persistence in his endeavour.^[24] Of his time filming The Fountain, Hugh Jackman described his experience: "It is the hardest job I've worked and by far the most satisfying. Darren wants blood. As a director, he is very much inside my head."^[16]

Jackman suggested to Darren Aronofsky the possibility of casting Rachel Weisz as his protagonist's wife. The director, who was in a relationship with the actress and living with her, had previously hesitated to show the studio signs of favoritism in casting Weisz. With Jackman's earnest recommendation, the actress was cast as Isabel.^[25] Weisz prepared for her role by reading books and first-person accounts about people who had terminal illnesses.^[24] The actress also went to hospitals to visit young people who were dying and under hospice care. "There were a few days where I was in the headspace where I could say: 'I could go now'," said Weisz.^[26]

[edit] Visual effects

Jeremy Dawson and Dan Schrecker, who had provided visual effects for Darren Aronofsky's π and Requiem for a Dream, returned to The Fountain to help the director with the film's effects. The pair were assigned with the task of creating as little computer-generated imagery as possible, a difficult task with a third of the film taking place in deep space. Aronofsky chose to avoid effects that would make the film look dated in several decades but instead hold up as well as a film like 2001: A Space Odyssey. Dawson said, "Using CG is really the easy route because it's so prevalent and the tools are great. What it did was really force us to come up with creative solutions to solve a lot of our problems." One creative solution was uncovering Peter Parks, a specialist in macro photography, who had retrieved deep-sea microorganisms and photographed them in 3-D under partial funding from the Bahamas government. Parks brewed chemicals and bacteria together to create reactions of which Schrecker and Dawson shot 20,000 feet worth of film in the course of eight weeks for The Fountain.^[21] To create the effects, Peter Parks had taken advantage of fluid dynamics, which affected the behavior of the substances that he photographed. "When these images are projected on a big screen, you feel like you're looking at infinity. That's because the same forces at work in the water—gravitational effects, settlement, refractive indices—are happening in outer space," Parks said. The specialist's talent convinced the film's creative department to go beyond computer-generated imagery and follow Parks' lead. Instead of millions of dollars for a single special effects sequence, Parks generated all the footage for the film for just $140,000.^[1]

The visual effects company Look Effects worked on 87 shots for The Fountain that included major set extensions, digital mattes, image enhancement, face replacement and blemish removal, as well as animating key elements to the film's story. Henrik Fett, the visual effects supervisor of Look Effects, said, "Darren was quite clear on what he wanted and his intent to greatly minimize the use of computer graphics... [and] I think the results are outstanding."^[27]

[edit] Musical score

Clint Mansell, a member of the band Pop Will Eat Itself who had scored for Aronofsky's films, π and Requiem for a Dream, reprised his role as composer for The Fountain. The San Francisco-based string quartet Kronos Quartet, who had previously performed for the Requiem for a Dream soundtrack, and Scottish post-rock band Mogwai also contributed to the film score.^[28] Darren Aronofsky hoped that David Bowie, whose song "Space Oddity" helped influence the film's astronaut period, would record a "third Tom song" as the musical artist worked briefly with composer Clint Mansell during production.^[18] Bowie was originally involved to potentially rework pieces of the score and vocalize them personally to produce a song for the film's end credits, though the plan did not work out.^[29] Instead, Mansell, researched possible scores to tie together the three different time periods that spanned The Fountain. Mansell said of the overall feel of the score, "My sense is that it needs to be something that's going to be quite organic." The composer also considered implementing orchestral and electronic elements that would still keep "a real human element to them that breathes".^[21] The score was designed parallel to the film's production instead of in the post-production phase. For the score, Mansell created a mood that flourished as the film progressed. Mansell described the process of composing the music, "It’s instinct and listening to what the film is telling you it needs."^[6]

Mansell drew from five to six years of writing material for The Fountain. Initially, the composer intended for the score to be pure percussion when the film was originally meant to be epic in scale. Mansell, lacking classical training, collaborated with an assistant in creating the score. Both had deconstructed the composer's initial pieces for The Fountain and re-played them in a key so the lead melodies could harmonically play with every progression. The song "Together We Will Live Forever" was an electronic piece designed by Mansell to serve as the protagonist's memory theme. Lead singer Antony Hegarty was commissioned to create a vocal piece over "Together We Will Live Forever" for the end credits, but the director decided that the vocals would not be appropriate to end the film. The song was instead redone with pianist Randy Kerber.^[29]

Nonesuch Records, the home of The Fountain musical contributor Kronos Quartet, released the film's musical collaborations between composer Clint Mansell, Kronos Quartet, and Mogwai titled The Fountain: Music from the Motion Picture on November 21, 2006.^[30]

Clint Mansell received a nomination for the 2006 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score for The Fountain,^[31] but lost to Alexandre Desplat for The Painted Veil.^[32] Mansell has also received a nomination for the 2006 BFCA Critics' Choice Award for Best Composer, but lost to Phillip Glass for The Illusionist.^[33] Mansell won the Chicago Film Critics Association's 2006 award for Best Original Score.^[34]

[edit] Themes

The Fountain begins with a quote from Genesis 3:24, the Biblical passage that reflects the fall of man. Hugh Jackman emphasizes the importance of the fall in the film: "The moment Adam and Eve ate of the tree of knowledge, or good and evil, humans started to experience life as we all experience it now, which is life and death, poor and wealthy, pain and pleasure, good and evil. We live in a world of duality. Husband, wife, we relate everything. And much of our lives are spent not wanting to die, be poor, experience pain. It's what the movie's about."^[23] Darren Aronofsky had also interpreted the story of Genesis as the definition of mortality for humanity. He inquired of the fall, "If they had drank from the tree of life [instead of the tree of knowledge] what would have separated them from their maker? So what makes us human is actually death. It's what makes us special."^[35]

The theme of thanatophobia is described by Aronofsky as a "movement from darkness into light, from black to white", tracing the journey of a man scared of death and moving toward it.^[36] The theme is highlighted by Aronofsky's use of visual language, such as shooting Jackman's characters in shadows until the story's light-saturated conclusion, while Weisz's characters are awash with light in each period.^[37] Along these lines, Aronofsky made use of the color of gold, as gold was the sought-after treasure of the conquistadors. "When you see gold, it represents materialism and wealth and all these things that distract us from the true journey that we’re on," Aronofsky said.^[36] The director also used similar geometric constructs in the film to distinguish the three chronological narratives. The 16th century conquistador's tale reflected triangles through pyramids and constellations, the 21st century researcher's period reflected rectangles through doors, windows, and computer screens, and the 26th century contemplative's journey reflected circles and spheres through the spacecraft and stellar bodies.^[38]

Darren Aronofsky emphasized that the narratives in their time periods and their respective convergences were open to interpretation. The director maintained that the film's intricacy and underlying message is "very much like a Rubik's cube, where you can solve it in several different ways, but ultimately there's only one solution at the end".^[39] Critics have observed recurring, mythological references to themes of enlightenment, redemption, and rebirth, such as the Biblical Tree of Life,^[40] the Buddha,^[40] and the world-tree Yggdrasil.^[41] In the same vein, Jackman views the story as a modern myth that helps people to understand the meaning of life, explaining the unexplainable, and fostering understanding. "These fables may not make scientific sense, but somehow they explain the world to us," said Jackman.^[42]

Journalists Victoria Alexander and Robert Butler theorise that Tommy Creo's storyline is a grief-induced hallucination^[43] caused by ingesting the bark of the tree.^[44] Brian Orndorf describes the visual artifacts of Creo's struggle as "the mental breakdown of a man who is looking for hope in all the wrong places."^[45] Strictly fact-based analyses offer the film's central ("real") essence as "the final three days of... two people very believably and relatably in love,",^[40] suggesting its abstract and futuristic elements to be non-literal representations akin to "astral projection"^[46] or "the psychology of survivor's guilt."^[47] A subset of reviewers (Anderson, Brussat) take the Tom-present, Tom-future and Izzy-tree comparisons more directly, asserting that Creo's wife has transformed into^[48] or become part of the tree^[49], to which Dana Stevens adds "Tommy Creo, the present-day husband and scientist, should never have climbed into that bubble in a centuries-long attempt to defer his wife's death."^[50] More middle-of-the-road interpretations posit the notion of three distinct storylines to be "sort of true and yet not true",^[40] introducing an in-between possibility wherein the narratives might exist on multiple levels.

[edit] Marketing

When actor Brad Pitt left director Darren Aronofsky's project in 2002, the director preserved the rights to printing a graphic novel similarly titled The Fountain. Aronofsky said, "I knew it was a hard film to make, and I said at least if Hollywood fucks me over at least I'll make a comic book out of it."^[51] He shopped the story to Vertigo Comics and was impressed by the illustrations of comic book artist Kent Williams. Aronofsky hired Williams to create the graphic novel for The Fountain based on the script that was originally intended to be used for the project involving Pitt and Cate Blanchett. Ari Handel, co-writer for the film, provided Williams with research, photographs, and images on "Mayans, astronomy, pulsars, and all kinds of cool stuff" to help with the graphic novel's design. Aronofsky gave Williams the freedom to interpret the story as the artist saw fit.^[51]

When production was revived for The Fountain, director Darren Aronofsky and actress Rachel Weisz presented a panel for the film at Comic-Con International in July 2006 in which they screened 10 minutes of the film that received positive reception from the audience.^[52] The official website for The Fountain was launched in August 2005.^[53] An Internet-only teaser trailer was launched on the website in November 2005.^[54] In July 2006, the full-length trailer was launched at Apple.^[55] The Fountain originally had a release date of October 13, 2006, but the film was delayed to create a "long-lead campaign" and generate anticipation via word of mouth. The final release date of The Fountain was set for November 22, 2006.^[56]

The content and research agency Ramp Industry launched The Fountain Remixed, an official website driven by user-generated content. Users could download freely provided audio parts from The Fountain's film score, remix the music, and upload the work onto the website to be evaluated by other users.^[57]

To further promote his film, Aronofsky sent his screenplay to a group of eleven artists: Phil Hale, Martin Wilner, Jason Shawn Alexander, Kostas Seremetis, Dave Gibbons, Barron Storey, James Jean, Jim Lee, Olivier Bramanti, Seth Fisher, and Bill Sienkiewicz. The director invited them to interpret the screenplay in each one's chosen medium, and the interpretations were initially meant to be available on the website for The Fountain.^[58] Darren Aronofsky also published a book in November 2006 based on The Fountain that contains production stills, the original script, original art, and observations by the film's creators.^[59]

[edit] Reception

The Fountain held its world premiere at the 63rd Venice International Film Festival on September 2, 2006.^[60] While several critics booed the film at the festival's press screening, The Fountain received a 10-minute standing ovation at the public screening the following evening.^[11] The Fountain was commercially released in the United States on Wednesday, November 22, 2006, a day before Thanksgiving. The film domestically earned $3,768,702 during the opening weekend of November 24. As of February 19, 2007, The Fountain has earned $10,144,010 in the United States and $14,056,401 worldwide.^[61]

On Rotten Tomatoes, The Fountain has a 50% overall approval out of 175 reviews from critics and a 28% Cream of the Crop approval out of 36 reviews from major news outlets.^[62] Leslie Felperin of Variety described the switching between time periods throughout the film as abrupt and considered the visual effects to be similar to a "remake of the wormhole section of '2001: A Space Odyssey,' as produced by makers of instructional videos for beginning yoga students".^[63] IGN's Filip Vukcevic described The Fountain as "a film that is not easily accessible", and commended Aronofsky's direction and Jackman's performance to shape the emotional core of the film.^[64] Alex Billington declared it as a film that was ahead of its time.^[65]

The Fountain won the $25,000 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Feature Film Prize in Science and Technology for its unique approach, and the award was presented at the Hamptons International Film Festival in October 2006.^[66] The film was also nominated Satellite Awards for Best Cinematography and Best Visual Effects in 2006.^[67]

The Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films nominated 2006 Saturn Awards for The Fountain for Best Science Fiction Film, Best Actor (Hugh Jackman), and Best Special Effects.^[68]

[edit] DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray

The Fountain will be released on DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray in the United States on May 15, 2007. The extras are a six-part featurette gallery about the film's periods and settings and the theatrical trailer.^[69]

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Official site
• Official teaser and trailer
• The Fountain video interviews with Darren Aronofsky, Hugh Jackman, and Rachel Weisz
• The Fountain Remixed musical remix contest
• The Fountain film book by Darren Aronofsky
• The Fountain graphic novel by Kent Williams
• The Fountain: Music from the Motion Picture
• The Fountain at Rotten Tomatoes
• The Fountain at Metacritic
• The Fountain at the Internet Movie Database