బెల్గాం
వికీపీడియా నుండి
| ఈ వ్యాసాన్ని పూర్తిగా అనువదించి,తరువాత ఈ మూసను తీసివేయండి |
బెల్గాం కర్నాటక రాష్ట్రములోని ఒక జిల్లా.
| బెల్గాం జిల్లా | |
|---|---|
| రాష్ట్రము: | కర్నాటక |
| ప్రాంతము: | ఉత్తర కర్నాటక |
| ముఖ్య పట్టణము: | బెల్గాం |
| విస్తీర్ణము: | చ.కి.మీ |
| జనాభా (2001 లెక్కలు) | |
| మొత్తము: | లక్షలు |
| పురుషులు: | లక్షలు |
| స్త్రీలు: | లక్షలు |
| పట్టణ: | లక్షలు |
| గ్రామీణ: | లక్షలు |
| జనసాంద్రత: | / చ.కి.మీ |
| జనాభా వృద్ధి: | % (1991-2001) |
| అక్షరాస్యత (2001 లెక్కలు) | |
| మొత్తము: | % |
| పురుషులు: | % |
| స్త్రీలు: | % |
| చూడండి: కర్నాటక జిల్లాలు | |
విషయ సూచిక |
[మార్చు] Geography:
Northern Karnataka encompasses a landscape that is strikingly bare. It is part of the stretch that is considered the oldest land on earth, the Gondwana Plate, which broke up at the beginning of geological time to become what is now the Deccan peninsula, South Africa and Australia. .
[మార్చు] Belgaum
The northern half is steeped in history and could rival Mysore on any historical account. Dharwad, Belgaum, Bijapur, Bidar have a strong historical base. Originally Velugram (town of bamboos), Belgaum has an enviable heritage and presents much to be discovered. It lies in a zone of cultural transition between Karnataka, Maharashtra and Goa with a known antiquity (pre-history) clearly traceable up to the 2nd century A D.
Belgaum City (13 degrees 32'N & 42'E) is a crossroad of cultures due to its peculiar geographical location. Nestling in the foothills of the enchanting Sahyadris (Western Ghats), at an altitude of about 779m, 100km from the Arabian Sea with River Markandeya flowing nearby Belgaum is unique. Its untouched natural beauty & environment are a world of contrast & harmonies with swift & kaleidoscopic change in topography, vegetation & climate (50" rainfall). Its hinterland offers a rich resource mix attracting people as tourist, settlers, job-seekers & entrepreneurs, making it a veritable paradise or a "poor man’s Switzerland.” .
[మార్చు] History:
Till 1818 (the British conquest), the town was under various dynasties, the Satavahanas, Rashtrakutas, Chalukyas, Kadambas, Rattas, Vijayanagara, Emperors, Bahamanis, Adilshahis and Marathas, all of whom have left their indelible mark on its character.
However as Belgaum was never a springboard for military campaigns, it was always at the receiving end. The effect of these cultural waves is in direct proportion to the total periods of the rule and their time-lapse ever since.
The Marathas and their feudatories and the British had a tremendous influence on the emergence of the "Belgaum-culture" as they were the last in succession. In the days of the Maratha Confederacy, the sansthaniks (princely states) also rose in prominence, with the Patwardhans as the ruling family. .
[మార్చు] The Freedom Struggle:
Belgaum has a history of producing legendary freedom fighters like Rani Chennamma of Kittur- who defeated the British Commissioner of Dharwad (1824) decades before the First War of Indian Independence. And her trusted Lieutenant Sangoli Rayanna, who continued to wage war even after the Rani's death.
Also worth mentioning is the fact that the session of the Indian National Congress was held here in 1924, which was presided over by none other than the Mahatma himself. Which happened to be the only session presided over by Gandhiji. .
[మార్చు] Agriculture:
Belgaum district is rich in agriculture produce. With crops like Sugarcane, food grains, sugarcane, cotton, tobacco, oilseed, and milk products.
[మార్చు] Present:
Belgaum is one of the fast growing cities in the state of Karnataka. The district of Belgaum borders two states, Maharashtra and Goa. Belgaum is accessible via air from Bombay and Bangalore. Belgaum is quite cosmopolitan - most people know Hindi in addition to Kannada and Marathi.
Belgaum has several large industries; important among them is the INDAL Aluminum Factory. Belgaum is famous for the sweets and locally made ice cream. Belgaum is also home to several divisions of the Indian Armed Forces. Belgaum is the home to the Maratha Light Infantry Regiment (MLIRC), which was established way back in 1768. The Maratha Light Infantry has its regimental headquarters in Belgaum. The Commando School of the Indian Army is also situated in Belgaum. The Indian Air Force has a large airbase near Belgaum.
But the most important feature of this city is probably the entrepreneurial qualities of the people of Belgaum. Belgaum is the home of many small-scale industries that cater to the needs of large automobile industries, both in India and abroad. It is interesting to note that these industries were set up without any help of Karnataka govt.
But it is very unfortunate that the government neglects a city like Belgaum with such a potential.
[మార్చు] Belgaum’s Problem:
Belgaum was a part of the Mumbai province before Independence. However after the reorganization of states on linguistic basis, in 1956, Belgaum was made a part of Karnataka. Belgaum city, which has a majority of Marathi speaking people, opposed this move. There were many protests that lead to police firing on the mobs, causing many deaths. The leaders from both Karnataka and Maharashtra have been exploited these volatile conditions to instigate the people. The Border dispute is still not settled, although it does not invite the same passions amongst the people, which it used to many years back.
The people of Belgaum have realized that the leaders have been exploiting their feelings and hence have put the issue in the backburner. But because of the dispute, the city has not seen any development. Development that it deserves. This is because the Karnataka state Government fells that since the city is disputed, any investment made in the city/district might end up benefiting Maharashtra, if the city is ever transferred to it. The city has had negligible development since the formation of Karnataka.
The following points may just give you an idea how this has prevented any development of the city:
1. Large scale industries are asked to setup their units in places other than Belgaum: A Few Years back, the then TELCO decided to setup a plant in Karnataka. After a lot of consideration, it found Belgaum the most suitable place for the plant. However the Government persuaded the company to start the unit in Dharwar. Incidentally the location is only a few kilometers away from the Belgaum border.
2. A Large number of small-scale industries in the city have shut down because of the apathy of the State Government. These industries that were setup by the local entrepreneurs, catered to the need of many Indian as well as Multi-National automobile companies. Because of the negligence of their basic needs like power, these industries either shut down or relocated to Maharashtra, which exploited these conditions to setup an Industrial complex just outside Belgaum city. This complex provides the owners of such industries with benefits like uninterrupted power supply and many years of tax holiday.
3. The City corporation of Belgaum is dominated by Marathi Speaking people who refuse to play into the hands of the Government. As a result of this the Government frequently refuses to release funds meant for the development of the city. Because of such actions, the basic amenities like Roads, water supply etc. get affected. A few years back, the then chief election commissioner of India visited Belgaum, when the tension between India and Pakistan was prevalent. He joked that; looking at the conditions of the road he thought that the Pakistani Air Force had attacked Belgaum.
4. Belgaum has four Engineering colleges, two of which are amongst the best in Karnataka. Because of lack of any career opportunity in Belgaum, almost all of them are forced to ‘migrate’ to cities like Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Pune after their studies. The intellectual talent of the city thus migrates to make other cities prosperous.
5. Agriculture: Belgaum has very fertile land unlike other under-developed regions of India. Crops like cotton, sugarcane, Rice etc ideally must make Farmers of the district very wealthy, which is not the case. Belgaum has half the state's sugar factories. The factories do not pay farmers' due for many years. What is more shocking is the fact that they occasionally refuse to accept Sugarcane produce from the farmers as they have huge amount of sugar stored in their godowns. The govt. then bans the 'export' of raw sugarcane to neighboring states. The farmers have no option but to see their potentially rich produce getting destroyed. I have seen many instances where the farmers dry the sugarcane and use them as firewood. No wonder there have been so many cases suicide by the farmers.
[మార్చు] కర్నాటక జిల్లాలు
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