三角洲特種部隊

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另見三角洲部隊 (遊戲)。

1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta (Airborne)
Image:SFOD-D Patch.jpg 1st SFOD-D (A) Insignia
成立於	1978
國家/地區	United States
部門	United States Army
種類	United States Special Operations Forces
功能	Versatile Special Operations Force, mainly trained for Counter-Terrorism.
直屬	United States Joint Special Operations Command
駐軍/總部	Fort Bragg, North Carolina
綽號	"Delta Force"
戰役	Operation Eagle Claw Operation Urgent Fury Operation Just Cause Operation Desert Storm Operation Restore Hope Operation Gothic Serpent Operation Enduring Freedom Operation Iraqi Freedom 2003 invasion of Iraq Operation Vigilant Resolve

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三角洲特種部隊，全名美國陸軍第一特種部隊D作戰分遣隊（英語：1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta，），簡稱SFOD-D。此部隊由美國陸軍上校查爾斯．貝克衛斯（英語：Colonel‎ Charles Beckwith，1922年 1月22日－1994年 7月13日)成立，建制形式、訓練方式及戰術都深受英軍SAS(英語：Special Air Service)的影響。三角洲特種部隊駐扎在北卡羅來納州的布拉格堡，由A、B、C三個行動中隊組成，其成員來自遊騎兵(英語：75th RANGER Regiment)、綠扁帽(1st SPECIAL Force)及其他陸軍部隊。三角洲特種部隊主要於莫特湖(Mott Lake)訓練。

Delta Force's primary tasks are counter-terrorism and national intervention operations, although it is an extremely versatile group capable of assuming many missions, including, but not limited to, rescuing hostages, raids, and killing covert enemy forces. Delta Force conducts missions like those attributed to the British Special Air Service (SAS), after which it was originally modeled.

[编辑] Background

The unit was started by Colonel Charles Beckwith in 1977. Throughout its creation, the unit had the benefit of experience from the British SAS.

The unit took part in Operation Eagle Claw, the failed attempt to rescue American hostages from the U.S. Embassy in Tehran in 1980. The mission failed due to an overly complex plan, inadequate Special Operations Aviation training for the accompanying aircrews, a collision between a rescue helicopter and a refuelling tanker aircraft, and mechanical problems with the helicopters transporting the rescuers, caused by a severe sandstorm which clogged the engine intakes and reduced the pilots' visibility to nearly nothing.

After that debacle, the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne), also known as the "Nightstalkers", was founded and made responsible for the transporting of special forces personnel to and from Areas of Operation.

In 1999, writer Mark Bowden published the book Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War, which chronicles the events that surrounded the October 3, 1993 Battle of Mogadishu. The book, in a short brief, relates Delta Force's involvement in the operations that occurred before the events leading to the battle. The book was later turned into a film by director Ridley Scott in 2001.

1st SFOD-D has also participated in operations in a variety of foreign locations, including in Beirut, Lebanon and extensively in Central America, fighting the Salvadorian revolutionary group Farabundo Marti National Liberation (FMLN) and assisting the CIA-funded Contras, in Nicaragua.

[编辑] 挑選與訓練過程

Most recruits come from the United States Army Special Forces (the Green Berets) and the 75th Ranger Regiment, but recruits may volunteer from any part of the military, including the National Guard and Reserves.

Since the 1990s, the Army has posted recruitment notices for the 1st SFOD-D [4], which many believe refers to Delta Force. The Army, however, has never released an official fact sheet for the force.

要成為三角洲特種部隊隊員，參加者必須為特戰部隊成員，要求視力單眼差別為20/40、20/70，不能色盲、參加者必須通過長達30天的基本體能測試及面試測試，此入選試稱為信心課程(英語：CONFIDENCE COURSE)。內容包括：1分鐘內完成37次仰臥起坐；1分鐘內完成33掌上壓；12分鐘內完成2公里跑步；全副裝備進行100公尺游泳；20小時內完成40英哩定向測試；18英哩負重越野行軍；此時將有75%參加者被淘汰。餘下參加者進行心理評估及面試；內容主要為日常作戰技巧及突發問題處理。

19周的基本技術訓練內容包括：戰鬥射擊、爆破技術、徒手格鬥、偵察技巧、室內近戰、狙擊技巧、高速駕駛等等。三角洲特種部隊的挑選與訓練過程與英國特別空勤團（英語：Special Air Service)相似，即著重於培養個人的特點與潛力，淘汰缺乏整體合作能力的人。對隊員射擊能力的要求標準相當高，狙擊手必須在548米的距離，達到100%的命中率，在914米則要達到90%的命中率。