蓝屏死机
维基百科，自由的百科全书
蓝屏死机（blue screen of death）指的是微软Windows操作系统在无法从一个系统错误中恢复过来时所显示的屏幕图像。Windows中有两个图像都被称为蓝屏死机，其中一个要比另一个严重得多。
一个“真正的”死机画面只在Windows NT的系统内核无法修复错误时出现，此时用户所能做的唯一一件事就是重新启动操作系统，这将丢失所有未储存的工作，还有可能破坏文件系统的稳定性。蓝屏死机的画面上所显示的信息會有偵錯碼，例如STOP: 0x0000004e，以及其簡短的錯誤訊息，用戶可以在微軟的技術支援網站 http://support.microsoft.com 搜尋此偵錯碼出現時可能是什麼原因。但有時錯誤碼並不能讓使用者很快的找到導致藍色畫面當機的原因，反而會误导用户，因此可能要以試誤法（trial and error）才能找出原因。蓝屏死机一般只在Windows遇到一个很严重的错误时才出现。该版本的蓝屏死机出现在Windows NT以及基于Windows NT的后续版本，例如Windows 2000與Windows XP中。
Windows 9x/ME發生之蓝屏死机允许用户选择继续或者重新启动。但是，VxD一般不随便显示蓝屏死机――它们一般只在一个不通过重新启动就无法修复的错误发生时才显示蓝屏死机，因此当蓝屏死机显示时，系统已经不稳定或死机。
蓝屏死机出现的最常见原因是DLL地狱，意即同一个DLL的多个版本造成的不兼容。当应用程序需要使用这些DLL时，Windows将它们载入内存；如果替换了DLL，下一次应用程序载入DLL时它可能不是该应用程序所希望的版本。这种不兼容性随着安装更多的新软件而增加，这也是为什么一个新安装的Windows往往比安装运行一段时期后的Windows更加稳定之主要原因。另一個重要的原因就是硬體問題，例如硬體過熱、超頻使用、硬體的電子零件損壞（例如電容器的電解液流出損壞）及BIOS設定錯誤或其程式碼有錯誤等都可能導致蓝屏死机。
目录 |
[编辑] 不同版本 Windows 發生之 蓝屏死机
[编辑] Windows XP
A problem has been detected and Windows has been shut down to prevent damage
to your computer.
PFN_LIST_CORRUPT
If this is the first time you've seen this error screen,
restart your computer. If this screen appears again, follow
these steps:
Check to make sure any new hardware or software is properly installed.
If this is a new installation, ask your hardware or software manufacturer
for any Windows updates you might need.
If problems continue, disable or remove any newly installed hardware
or software. Disable BIOS memory options such as caching or shadowing.
If you need to use Safe Mode to remove or disable components, restart
your computer, press F8 to select Advanced Startup Options, and then
select Safe Mode.
Technical information:
*** STOP: 0x0000004e (0x00000099, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000)
Beginning dump of physical memory
Physical memory dump complete.
Contact your system administrator or technical support group for further
assistance.
另一个例子:
A problem has been detected and Windows has been shut down to prevent damage
to your computer.
An attempt was made to write to read-only memory.
If this is the first time you've seen this error screen,
restart your computer. If this screen appears again, follow
these steps:
Check to make sure any new hardware or software is properly installed.
If this is a new installation, ask your hardware or software manufacturer
for any Windows updates you might need.
If problems continue, disable or remove any newly installed hardware
or software. Disable BIOS memory options such as caching or shadowing.
If you need to use Safe Mode to remove or disable components, restart
your computer, press F8 to select Advanced Startup Options, and then
select Safe Mode.
Technical information:
*** STOP: 0X000000BE (0XF90A0905, 0X01CD5121, 0X8055616C, 0X0000000A)
*** NDIS.sys – Address F90A0905 base at F9083000, Datestamp 41107ec3
Beginning dump of physical memory
Physical memory dump complete.
Contact your system administrator or technical support group for further
assistance.
[编辑] Windows 2000
STOP: c000026c {Unable to Load Device Driver}
\SystemRoot\System32\Drivers\Fdc.SYS device driver could not be loaded.
Error Status was 0xc000012f
If this is the first time you've seen this Stop error screen,
restart your computer. If this screen appears again, follow
these steps:
Check to make sure any new hardware or software is properly installed.
If this is a new installation, ask your hardware or software manufacturer
for any Windows 2000 updates you might need.
If problems continue, disable or remove any newly installed hardware
or software. Disable BIOS memory options such as caching or shadowing.
If you need to use Safe Mode to remove or disable components, restart
your computer, press F8 to select Advanced Startup Options, and then
select Safe Mode.
Refer to your Getting Started manual for more information on
troubleshooting Stop errors.
[编辑] Windows NT3/4
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*** STOP: 0x0000000A (0x00000000, 0x00000002, 0x00000000, 8038c510) IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL*** Address 8038c510 has base at 8038c000 - Ntfs.sys |
|
Dll Base DateStmp - Name |
Dll Base DateStmp - Name |
|
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[编辑] Windows ME
An error has occurred. To continue:
Press Enter to return to Windows, or Press CTRL+ALT+DEL to restart
your computer. If you do this, you will lose any unsaved information
in all open applications.
*** Error: 0D : 0157 : 00005ED7
Press any key to continue _
[编辑] Windows 95/98
A fatal exception 0E has occurred at 0157:BF7FF831. The current
application will be terminated.
* Press any key to terminate the current application.
* Press CTRL+ALT+DEL again to restart your computer. You will
lose any unsaved information in all applications.
Press any key to continue _
默认情况下，蓝屏死机的显示是蓝(0x01或#0000AA)底白(0x0F或#FFFFFF)字。显示的信息包括了当前的内存值以及寄存器值。微软公司还很有幽默感地加入了一个可以让用户自行修改蓝屏死机的设置的工具system.ini。
这种蓝屏死机已经没有出现在Windows NT，2000和XP。当这种较轻微的软件错误出现时，虽然程序依然可能崩溃，但由于新系统中更好的内存管理，类似错误并不会损害到整个操作系统。在这些系统中，“真正的”蓝屏死机只在整个操作系统崩溃时才会出现。
蓝屏死机最早出现在Windows 2.0中。另外，在微软遊戲主機 XBOX 出现的畫面不是藍色，而是緑色。
对于Windows Vista的死机，红屏死机（Red screen of death，缩写RSoD）有可能取代部分蓝屏死机，成为当“真正的”死机（Really Bad Errors）提示画面。
