Talk:阿诺尔德·约瑟·汤因比
维基百科，自由的百科全书
放工，下次再譯。有興趣的各位可以接力：--石添小草 10:01 2004年3月25日 (UTC)
西欧中心の歴史観でなく、イスラム、仏教、それに特殊な存在としての日本にも着目して、各文明国の発展を描いた「歴史の研究」を著す。
1914年の第一次世界大戦の勃発により「われわれは歴史の中にいる」という実感に目覚める。1929年には太平洋問題調査委員として来日。 王立国際問題研究所理事、外務省調査部理事等を務める傍ら「ギリシャ歴史思想」「平和会議後の世界」等を執筆。最も有名な著書「歴史の研究」は全25巻。晩年には池田大作氏との共著「二十一世紀への対話」などもあり、日本への造詣が深い。
He worked for the Foreign Office during both World War I and World War II. He was Director of Studies at the Royal Institute of International Affairs (1925-1955) and Research Professor of International History at the University of London.
The theory elaborated in A Study of History was of challenge-response as applied to a civilization, taken as unit. It has not perhaps proved of great influence on other historians; it certainly was taken up, for example by Curtius, as a sort of paradigm in the post-war period. The ideas he promoted had some vogue (he appeared on the Cover of Time magazine in 1947). Toynbee was probably most influential in relation to Asian thinkers. A few of his terms, such as successor state, and to a lesser extent external proletariat, are found in other authors.
His theory was criticized in that it emphasizes religion over other aspects in the big pictures of civilizations. This is very similar to the present day theory of Clash of Civilizations put forward by Samuel Huntington. It is also quite odd (in an eery way too) that both Huntington and Toynbee had some influence of foreign policy, and on the policy makers as well.
It is assumed that Arnold J is the Toynbee referred to on the Toynbee tiles. His ideas also features in the Ray Bradbury short story named The Toynbee Convector.
[编辑] 生平
Tue, 30 Mar 2004 11:55:04 +0100 寄件人: "Catherine Willbery" <Catherine.Willbery@balliol.oxford.ac.uk> 組織: Balliol College User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-GB; rv:1.0.1) Gecko/20020823 Netscape/7.0 X-Accept-Language: en-gb, en MIME-Version: 1.0 收件人：: "Tom Chiu" <tomchiukc@yahoo.com.au> 標題: Arnold Joseph TOYNBEE Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Content-Length: 303
Dear Tom
AJ Toynbee was a Balliol student 1907-1911 and was then a student at the British School in Athens 1911-1912; he was elected a Fellow and Tutor in Classics at Balliol 1912 and held that Fellowship until 1915.
With best wishes,
John Jones
Vice-Master & Archivist, Balliol College, Oxford UK
