9M311 Tunguska

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The "Tunguska" Integrated Air Defence System. Photo from Field Artillery Magazine.

The 9M311 (NATO reporting name SA-19 "Grisom"/SA-N-11) is a two-stage tube launched SACLOS guided surface to air missile used in the Tunguska and Kashtan/Kortik air defence systems.

1 Description
2 Missile variants
3 Specifications
4 See also
5 References

[edit] Description

The missile has two stages, a large booster stage with four folding fins, which boosts the missile to a velocity of 900 m/s, before falling away. The second stage has four fixed fins, and four steerable control surfaces. The complete missile is around 2.56 m long.

The missile is SACLOS guided by the launch platform. It is steered by commands transmitted by the tracking radar of the launch system.

Once the missile is steered to within 5 meters of the target an active laser fuze is triggered. The warhead weighs about 9 kg, and is a continuous-rod system, consisting of 600 mm long 6 to 9 mm diameter rods with a flower-like cross section. The cross section ensures the rods break into fragments weighing 2-3 grams. The rods form a complete ring about 5 meters from the missile. Outside the rods is a layer of steel cubes weighing 2-3 grams.

Used with the Tunguska system the missiles have a kill probability of 0.65.

A close-up of the turret w/9M111. Photo by GulfLINK.

[edit] Missile variants

9M311 Original missile, laser proximity fuze.
- 9M311K (3M87) naval version of the 9M311 used by the Kashtan system.
9M311-1 export version of the missile.
9M311M (3M88) Improved version of the missile
9M311-M1 Used with Tunguska-M1 Radar proximity fuze for improved capability against cruise missiles. Pulsed tracking light instead of constant flare for better ECCM. Range improved to 10 km.