Abdominal external oblique muscle
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| Abdominal external oblique muscle | ||
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| Muscles of the trunk. | ||
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| The Obliquus externus abdominis. | ||
| Latin | m. obliquus externus abdominis | |
| Gray's | subject #118 409 | |
| Origin: | Lower 8 costae | |
| Insertion: | Crista iliaca, ligamentum inguinale | |
| Artery: | ||
| Nerve: | lower 6 intercostal nerve + subcostal nerve | |
| Action: | Rotates torso | |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | m_22/12549865 | |
The external oblique muscle (of the abdomen) (also external abdominal oblique muscle) is the largest and the most superficial of the three flat muscles of the lateral anterior abdomen. The American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary defines abdominal external oblique muscle as "A muscle with origin from the fifth to twelfth ribs, with insertion into the anterior lateral lip of the iliac crest, the inguinal ligament, and the anterior layer of the sheath of the rectus muscle of the abdomen, with nerve supply from the ventral branches of the lower thoracic nerves, and whose action diminishes the capacity of the abdomen and draws the chest down." [1]
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[edit] Structure
The external oblique is situated on the lateral and anterior parts of the abdomen. It is broad, thin, and irregularly quadrilateral, its muscular portion occupying the side, its aponeurosis the anterior wall of the abdomen. In most humans (especially males), the oblique is not visible, due to subcutaneous fat deposits and the small size of the muscle.
It arises from eight fleshy digitations, each from the external surfaces and inferior borders of the lower eight ribs. These digitations are arranged in an oblique line which runs downward and backward, with the upper digitations being attached close to the cartilages of the corresponding ribs, the lowest to the apex of the cartilage of the last rib, the intermediate ones to the ribs at some distance from their cartilages.
The five superior serrations increase in size from above downward, and are received between corresponding processes of the serratus anterior muscle; the three lower ones diminish in size from above downward and receive between them corresponding processes from the latissimus dorsi. From these attachments the fleshy fibers proceed in various directions.
Those from the lowest ribs pass nearly vertically downward, and are inserted into the anterior half of the outer lip of the iliac crest; the middle and upper fibers, directed downward and forward, become aponeurotic at approximately the midclavicular line. This aponeurosis formed from fibres from either side of the external oblique decussates at the linea alba.
The aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle forms the inguinal ligament. The muscle also contributes to the inguinal canal.
Just deep to the external oblique is the internal oblique muscle.
[edit] Innervation
The external oblique muscle is innervated by the lower 6 intercostal (thoracoabdominal) nerves and the subcostal nerve on each side.
[edit] Vascularisation
The cranial portion of the muscle is supplied by the lower intercostal arteries, whereas the caudal portion is suplied by a branches of either the deep circumflex iliac artery or the iliolumbar artery.
[edit] Actions
The external oblique functions to compress the abdominal cavity, which increases the intra-abdominal pressure. It also has limited actions in both flexion and rotation of the vertebral column.
[edit] Additional images
 Diagram of a transverse section of the posterior abdominal wall, to show the disposition of the lumbodorsal fascia. |
 The subcutaneous inguinal ring. |
 Diagram of sheath of Rectus. |
 Diagram of a transverse section through the anterior abdomina wall, below the linea semicircularis. |
 Femoral sheath laid open to show its three compartments. |
 Transverse section through the middle of the first lumbar vertebra, showing the relations of the pancreas. |
 The left side of the thorax. |
 Surface anatomy of the front of the thorax and abdomen. |
[edit] See also
[edit] External link
[edit] References
- ^ The American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary. KMLE Medical Dictionary Definition of abdominal external oblique muscle.
This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.
BACK: splenius: (capitis - cervicis) - erector spinae (iliocostalis - longissimus - spinalis) - latissimus dorsi
transversospinales: (semispinalis dorsi - semispinalis cervicis - semispinalis capitis - multifidus - rotatores) - interspinales - intertransversarii
SUBOCCIPITAL: rectus capitis posterior (major, minor) - obliquus capitis (inferior, superior)
CHEST: intercostales (external, internal, innermost) - subcostales - transversus thoracis - levatores costarum - serratus posterior (inferior, superior) - diaphragm
ABDOMEN: obliques (external, internal) - transversus abdominis - rectus abdominis - pyramidalis - cremaster - quadratus lumborum
PELVIS: levator ani (iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis) - coccygeus
PERINEUM: sphincter ani (externus, internus) - superficial perineal pouch (transversus perinei superficialis - bulbospongiosus - ischiocavernosus) - deep perineal pouch (transversus perinei profundus, sphincter urethrae membranaceae)
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