Abuse defense
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 |
| Criminal defenses |
|---|
| Part of the common law series |
| Defenses to crime |
| Actual innocence |
| Excuse and exculpation |
| Defenses that deny the act: |
| Alibi · Mistaken identity |
| Frameup · Falsified evidence |
| False confession · Automatism |
| Defenses that negate intent: |
| Infancy · Entrapment |
| Insanity · Mental disorder |
| M'Naghten Rules |
| Diminished responsibility |
| Mistake of law · Mistake of fact |
| Intoxication |
| Defenses that justify the act: |
| Self defense · Consent |
| Duress · Necessity |
| Provocation |
| See also Criminal Law |
| Criminal Procedure |
| Other areas of the common law |
| Contract law · Tort law · Property law |
| Wills and trusts · Evidence |
| Portals: Law · Criminal justice |
The abuse defense is a criminal law defense, sometimes termed as "innovative defense", by which defendants may argue that they should not be held criminally liable for breaking the law, as they were abused whether as physical abuse or psychological abuse.
[edit] Explanation
This represents a specialized version of the excuse of self-defense or the exculpation of provocation, which may stray into areas covered by the insanity defense. Hence, if as the result of abuse, the defendant begins to suffer from a mental illness such as battered woman syndrome, this could invoke the M'Naghten Rules or their statutory versions as a mental disorder defence. The defendant may also plead evidence that he or she became subject to an irresistible impulse or delusions which could, in the event of death, represent an abnormality of mind within the defense of diminished responsibility.
It has appeared in some high-profile cases in the United States. For example, in 1996, the Menendez brothers were found guilty of murdering their parents, despite their claim of being victims of sexual abuse. Similarly, Patty Hearst pleaded the Stockholm syndrome in her defense to robbery (cf the attempts of Steven Fishman and Lee Boyd Malvo to raise defenses based on mind control). Evidence of abuse is also relevant during the sentencing phase of a trial when lawyers will argue that culpability is reduced because behavior is influenced by early childhood experiences or more recent traumas. An interesting discussion of the use of this defense in both civil and criminal cases in the United States can be found in Harvard University law professor Alan Dershowitz's book "The Abuse Excuse: Cop-outs, Sob Stories, and Other Evasions of Responsibility." (1994). Little Brown & Co. ISBN 0-316-18135-8.
