Aircraft marshalling
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Aircraft marshalling is a method of visual signalling between ground personnel and pilots on an airport, aircraft carrier or helipad.
As opposed to radio communications between the aircraft and air traffic control, marshalling is a one-on-one visual communication and a vital part of aircraft ground handling. The usual attire of a marshaller is a reflecting safety vest, a helmet with acoustic earmuffs, and illuminated beacons or gloves.
On airports, the marshaller signals the pilot to keep turning, slow down, stop, and shut down engines, leading the aircraft safely to its parking stand or, in some cases, to the runway. Sometimes, the marshaller indicates the first directions to the pilot by driving a "Follow-Me" car (usually a yellow minivan with a checkerboard pattern) prior to disembarking and resuming signalling. This, however, is not an industry standard.
On aircraft carriers or helipads, marshallers also have the ability to give take-off and landing clearances to aircraft and helicopters, where the very limited space and time between take-offs and landings makes radio communications a difficult alternative.
[edit] Aircraft marshalling signals
While commercial airlines may use their own system, the following examples are the standard recommended by the US Federal Aviation Administration Aeronautical Information Manual.
 All clear |
 Flagman directs pilot (stop) |
 Insert chocks |
 Pull chocks |
 Start engines |
 Cut engines |
 Proceed straight ahead |
 Turn left |
 Turn right |
 Slow down |
 Stop (emergency stop) |
[edit] Helicopter signals
These are the standard required by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration
 Take off |
 Land |
 Move upward |
 Move downward |
 Move left |
 Move right |
 Move forward |
 Move rearward |
 Hold-hover |
 Release sling load |
