Alfonso II of Aragon
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Alfonso II (Aragon) or Alfons I (Provence and Barcelona) (1152 – 1196), called the Chaste or the Troubadour, was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona from 1162 until his death. He was the son of Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona and Petronilla of Aragon and the first King of Aragon who was also Count of Barcelona. He is thus sometimes called, especially by Catalan historians, the "count-king." He was also Count of Provence from 1181 to 1185.
Born Raymond Berengar (Ramon Berenguer), he ascended the united throne of Aragon and Barcelona as Alfonso, changing his name in deference to the Aragonese, to honour Alfonso I.
For most of his reign he was allied with Alfonso VIII of Castile, both against Navarre and against the Moorish taifa kingdoms of the south. In his Reconquista effort Alfonso pushed as far as Teruel, conquering this important stronghold on the road to Valencia in 1171. The same year saw him capturing Caspe.
Apart from common interests, kings of Aragon and Castile were united by a formal bond of vassalage the former owed to the latter. Besides, on January 18, 1174 in Saragossa Alfonso married infanta Sancha of Castile, sister of the Castilean king.
Another milestone in this alliance was the Treaty of Cazorla the two kings in 1179, delineating zones of conquest in the south along the watershed of rivers Júcar and Segura. Southern areas of Valencia including Denia were thus secured to Aragon.
During his reign Catalonian influence north of the Pyrenees reached its zenith. His realms incorporated not only Provence, but also the counties of Cerdanya and Roussillon (inherited in 1172). Béarn and Bigorre paid homage to him in 1187. Alfonso's involvement in the affairs of Languedoc, which would cost the life of his successor, Peter II of Aragon, for the moment proved highly beneficial, strengthening Catalonian trade and stimulating emigration from the north to colonise the newly reconquered lands in Aragon.
In 1186, he helped establish Catalan influence in Sardinia when he supported his cousin Agalbursa, the widow of the deceased Judge of Arborea, Barison II, in placing her grandson, the child of her eldest daughter Ispella, Hugh, on the throne of Arborea in opposition to Peter of Serra.
King Alfonso died in 1196.
[edit] Works and poetry
Alfonso II provided the first land grant to the Cistercian monks on the banks of the Ebro River in the Aragon region, which would become the site of the first Cistercian monastery in this region. Real Monasterio de Nuestra Senora de Rueda was founded in the year 1202 and utilized some of the first hydrological technology in the region for harnessing water power and river diversion for the purpose of building central heating.
He was a noted poet of his time and a close friend of King Richard the Lionheart. One tensó, apparently composed by him and Giraut de Bornelh, forms part of the poetical debate as to whether a lady is dishonoured by taking a lover who is richer than herself. The debate had been begun by Guilhem de Saint-Leidier and was taken up by Azalais de Porcairagues and Raimbaut of Orange; there was also a partimen on the topic between Dauphin of Auvergne and Perdigon.
Alfonso and his love affairs are mentioned in poems by many troubadours, including Guillem de Berguedà (who criticized his dealings with Azalais of Toulouse) and Peire Vidal, who commented on Alfonso's decision to marry Sancha of Castile rather than Eudokia Komnene that he had preferred a poor Castilian maid to the emperor Manuel's golden camel.
[edit] Alfonso's marriages and descendants
- Wife, Sancha of Castile, daughter of king Alfonso VII of Castile, b. 1155 or 1157, d. 1208
- Constance of Aragon-> married King Imre of Hungary and later, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
- Leonor -> married Count Raymond VI of Toulouse
- Peter II of Aragon (I of Barcelona), b. 1174, killed at the Battle of Muret, September 12, 1213
- Dolça (nun)
- Alfonso II, Count of Provence, b. 1180, d. 1209
- Fernando, Abbot of Montearagon, d. after 1227
- Ramon Berenguer, d. in the 1190s
| Preceded by Petronila |
King of Aragon 1162-1196 |
Succeeded by Peter II |
| Preceded by Ramon Berenguer IV |
Count of Barcelona 1162-1196 |
|
| Preceded by Douce II of Provence |
Count of Provence 1167-1171 |
Succeeded by Ramon Berenguer III |
