Apoprogoninae

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Apoprogoninae

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Suborder:	Glossata
Infraorder:	Heteroneura
(unranked)	Ditrysia
Superfamily:	Geometroidea
Family:	Sematuridae
Subfamily:	Apoprogoninae

Diversity

1 species

Genus and Species

Apoprogones Hampson, 1903
=Oedimetopia Prout, 1916

Apoprogones hesperistis Hampson, 1903[1]Card
- =Oedimetopia jansei Prout, 1916Card

1 Taxonomy and systematics
2 Morphology and identification
3 Biology
4 Conservation
5 References
6 Sources

[edit] Taxonomy and systematics

Apoprogoninae is a subfamily of the family Sematuridae, represented by a single species[2] ] from Swaziland South Africa measuring 4 cm. in wingspan and previously placed in the Castniidae (Shields and Dvorak, 1979) but it was recognised by A.J.T. Janse[3] (Janse, 1932) as belonging to this family. This species, Apoprogones hesperistis, is presumably the sister taxon of some or all South American Sematuridae but fresh collections are probably needed to use a DNA sequencing approach to this question[4].

[edit] Morphology and identification

Apoprogones hesperistis [5] ] has strongly clubbed or hooked antennae, like a butterfly, giving it a skipper-like appearance (Shields and Dvorak, 1979), hence the species name. The hindwing is not tailed, unlike Sematurinae which have the veins "M2" and "M3" in the hindwing bearing tails (Minet and Scoble, 1999). The adult male moth has a pair of "hair pencils" at the base of the abdomen. On the head (in contrast to Sematurinae) the ocelli are absent and the compound eyes not hairy; the wing venation differs between subfamilies and the forewing "M1" vein is "free" as opposed to sharing a "stalk" with vein "R1" in Sematurinae (Minet and Scoble, 1999). These and other structural differences have been enough for some authors to consider the African and American groups distinct at family level.

[edit] Biology

Unknown.

[edit] Conservation

Apoprogoninae is an evolutionarily distinctive higher-level taxon which is geographically restricted and apparently not seen since its description in the early 1900's, and therefore merits dedicated conservation attention and new surveys[6].

[edit] References

Minet, J. and Scoble, M. J. (1999) [1998] The Drepanoid/Geometroid Assemblage. Pp. 301-320 in Kristensen, N.P. (Ed.), 1999 [1998]. Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. Volume 1, Evolution, Systematics, and Biogeography. Handbook of Zoology, vol. IV, Arthropoda: Insecta, Part 35: 491 pp. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and New York.
Janse, A.J.T. 1932. The Moths of South Africa, Vol. 1. Sematuridae and Geometridae. E.P. Commercial Printing Company, Durban. 376 pp.
Shields, O and Dvorak, S.K. 1979. Butterfly distribution and continental drift between the Americas, the Caribbean and Africa. Journal of Natural History, 13(2): 221-250.