Architecture in Kansas City
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kansas City, Missouri, USA, is known for many famous and interesting buildings. The skyline of Downtown Kansas City is notable for many famous structures such as Bartle Hall Convention Center, the Power and Light Building, the KCTV Tower, and the Liberty Memorial.
[edit] Early architecture
The first skyscraper in Kansas City was the New York Life Building, completed in 1888. It stands twelve floors tall at a height of 180 feet (54.8 meters). After the New York Life Building was completed, Kansas City followed the national trend of constructing a plethora of buildings above ten stories. Within fifty years of the building's construction, over fifty buildings over ten floors were built in and around downtown.
[edit] Art Deco, Terra Cotta and Gothic styles
Kansas City underwent an early skyscraper boom between 1920 and 1940. During this time, notable skyscrapers such as the Power and Light Building, Oak Tower, City Hall, the Jackson County Court House, the Bryant Building, and the Fidelity National Bank building were constructed. The Power and Light Building became the sign of prosperity and was a known face of Kansas City for many years after its construction. Today, many of these buildings are being renovated for various uses, from residential lofts to office spaces. Oak Tower was once a building filled with terra cotta and gothic architecture. In an effort to modernize the then-40-year-old building in the 1970s, however, Southwestern Bell tore down and placed cladding over its gargoyles.
[edit] Modern and Post-Modern Architecture
Kansas City had a building boom in the 1970s as the city geared up for what it hoped would be a glorious future based on TWA's plans to use the city as the world hub for its new fleet of Boeing 747's and anticipated supersonic transports.
During this period Kansas City International Airport was built to TWA's specifications so that gates were within 100 feet of the street. Hallmark Cards began construction of the Crown Center. The city also built the Bartle Hall convention center. Architect Helmut Jahn's first major work was the revolutionary design for Kemper Arena which had no columns blocking sight lines and was built in 18 months in time to attract the 1976 Republican National Convention.
The optimism of this era came to a crashing end in the 1980s when the Kemper Arena roof collapsed during a storm (although no one was injured) and when skybridges at the new Hyatt Regency in Crown Center collapsed in the Hyatt Regency walkway collapse on July 17, 1981 in the worst non-natural disaster in the history of the state of Missouri. Both buildings were to be repaired and remain in use.
In addition to these disasters, TWA asked the city to extensively rebuild the terminals at the newly opened Kansas City International Airport so that it could have central checkpoints. The airport renovations had already come in at $100 million over budget, so the city refused. As a result, TWA moved its hub to St. Louis. In 2006, the city finally announced plans for a $250 million overhaul of the terminals to accommodate the security issues.
In the 1980s, the nation moved from the "modern" style of architecture (as inspired by architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe), building large, boxy structures, to a "postmodern" style. The two most noticeable postmodern buildings in the Kansas City skyline are the Town Pavilion (built in 1986) and One Kansas City Place (1988). One Kansas City Place is a taller, glass version of City Hall. The 632-foot-tall (192.6 meters) structure is the tallest habitable structure in Missouri (even taller than the Gateway Arch in St. Louis).
[edit] Original Kansas City Architecture
Kansas City's most profound influence on national architecture is the Kansas City-style of stadium that first originated with the Kivett & Myers 1967 design for the Truman Sports Complex for the Kansas City Chiefs and Kansas City Royals. In an era when new stadiums were huge multiuse arenas, Kivett & Myers proposed baseball and football have their own arenas with dimensions most favorable to their sports and then covered with a rolling roof. Virtually all major league ballparks and stadiums since then have followed that model and most have been designed by one of two Kansas City architect firms that trace their stadium business roots to Kivett -- HOK Sport + Venue + Event and HNTB. The firms' headquarters are a few blocks apart in downtown Kansas City.
The most distinctive feature of any modern Kansas City building is its use of fountains. Kansas City calls itself the City of Fountains and has more than 200 fountains (with the claim that only Rome, Italy has more fountains). The logo for the city is a fountain. Virtually every major building showcases a fountain; probably the most famous fountains are the ones at Kauffman Stadium. Even car dealerships get into the act, sometimes showing off their SUVs on top of a fountain.
[edit] Future buildings
Since 2000, downtown Kansas City has undergone a virtual renaissance. During the 1950s and 1960s, as many downtown residents moved south and north to Kansas City's sprawling suburbs, downtown's population dwindled. By the 1980s, downtown Kansas City consisted mostly of office towers, with few thriving neighborhoods remaining. Today, however, major downtown redevelopment has brought back thousands of residents; with them has come a need for more buildings and more density.
In the winter of 2004, H&R Block announced the construction of its new headquarters, a 17-story tower downtown. When completed, the tower will serve as the anchor of a six-block entertainment district neighboring the Central Business District. This project hopes to bring additional entertainment, jobs and housing to downtown; the project includes five new skyscrapers. At least five to six other new skyscrapers have also been proposed for downtown.
Local architectural firms have major contracts with these and other new proposals. The two biggest (currently under construction) are the Power and Light District, designed by Cordish Company of Baltimore, Maryland, and the 18,500-seat Sprint Center arena.
On October 6, 2006, ground was broken on the future Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts a 316,000 square-foot performing arts center. It will serve the Kansas City Metropolitan Area as host to three resident companies: the Kansas City Symphony, Ballet, and Opera. It is scheduled to open December 2009.
The Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City is also building a new headquarters which will be located southwest of the Crown Center.
See Also: Downtown Kansas City Redevelopment
[edit] Notable Skyscrapers
Kansas City's skyline may not be as recognizable to many people in the same way as other as cities such as St. Louis, Missouri, New York City, or Chicago, Illinois, but the blending of a century of architecture has made it a heralded skyline nonetheless.
The skyscrapers of Kansas City number 50 to 60 in the Country Club Plaza as well as around 100 in the downtown area:
|
|
|
|
|
|
| One Kansas City Place | 632ft/192.6m | 1200 Main St. | [1] | |
| Town Pavilion | 591ft/180.1m | 1111 Main St. | [2] | |
| Hyatt Regency Crown Center | 504ft/153.6m | 2345 McGee St. | [3] | |
| IBM Plaza | 477ft/145m | 2345 Grand Ave. | [4] | |
| Kansas City Power and Light | 476ft/145m | 1330 Baltimore St. | [5] | |
| Fidelity Bank and Trust | 470ft/143.2m | 909 Walnut St. | [6] | |
| City Hall | 445ft/135.6m | 414 E. 12th Street | [7] | |
| 1201 Walnut | 427ft/130.1m | 1201 Walnut St. | [8] | |
| Commerce Tower | 421ft/128.3m | 909 Main St. | [9] | |
| City Center Square | 404ft/123.1m | 1100 Main St. | [10] | |
| Oak Tower | 379ft/115.5m | 324 E. 11th Street | [11] | |
| Bartle Hall Pylons/Convention Center | 360ft/109.7m | 14th Broadway/Central Streets | [12] | |
| Bryant Building | 352ft/107.2m | 1100 Grand Ave. | [13] | |
| 2555 Grand | 347ft/105.7m | 2555 Grand Ave. | [14] | |
| San Francisco Tower | 320ft/97.5m | 2510 Grand Ave. | [15] |
[edit] Historical Buildings under restoration
Along with downtown's redevelopment and revitalization, many older buildings are being restored to their former mystique. Below is a list of celebrated buildings from a variety of eras that have been or are being renovated.
[edit] Landmark Tower/One Park Place
This building is formerly known as the BMA Building. It is located south of downtown at the intersection of Southwest Tfwy and 31st Street, directly across from the Fox 4 News building and towers.
Built in 1964, Landmark Tower was originally designed by architects at Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, who also designed the Plaza Center Building at 800 West 47th Street. Its structural grid, which is clad in white Georgian marble, is projected out in front of the actual building.
Landmark Tower also earned the First Honor Award in 1964 from the American Institute of Architects. It was also featured in a 1965 exhibit by New York's Museum of Modern Art.
Renovation began in 2003. The only opposition occurred when developers wanted to build additional residential facilities inside the park adjacent to the tower. The developers from One Park Place have stated that the tower will hold between 150 and 200 residential units. Gastinger Walker Harden Architects is working with the developers on the renovations, respecting the original design, which was inspired by the "International" style.
[edit] The View
"The View" is also known as the Vista Del Rio Apartments. Located at 600 Admiral Boulevard, it was originally completed in 1967. The architects of this building were John L. Daw & Associates. The Vista del Rio was the first multi-story exposed concrete structural frame building allowed by federal specifications. It was also the first federally approved high-rise to use sheetrock for internal walls. It was originally built to inspire urban renewal in the previously dilapidated area; however, after a period of misuse, the building itself fell into deep disrepair. After much of its glass had been removed, it began to be used by more "troublesome" citizens. By the 1990s, maintenance and care became so bad that graffiti appeared throughout the structure and, unfortunately, even human remains were found around the premises.
Many predicted the destruction of this neglected building, but at the beginning of current downtown redevelopment, its future became much brighter. The Vista Del Rio became the View, turning from a public nuisance to a magnet for people wishing anew to live downtown.
[edit] Fidelity Bank and Trust/909 Walnut
This building is located at 909 Walnut Street (formerly 911 Walnut Street), in the north portion of downtown's Central Business District. Constructed in 1931 (at the same time as the Power and Light Building), it is 35 stories tall.
Originally built to replace the Fidelity National Bank and Trust Building that had formerly existed on that site, it was designed by Hoit, Price and Barnes Architects, the same firm that designed the Power and Light Building. It won a local American Institute of Architects award in the 1930s during its construction. The twin towers that grace its top resemble those of famous buildings around the United States, such as 900 North Michigan in Chicago (built in 1989), or the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City (built in 1931).
The building once had a large clock in its north tower which has long since been removed.
In 2003, several proposals arose to turn this building into a residential tower. As of 2006, construction continues, but for the most part, the renovation is complete. The building now houses 150-180 residential units, complete with rooftop terraces for its two multimillion-dollar penthouses.
[edit] Buildings on National Registry of Historic Places
- List of Registered Historic Places in Jackson County
- List of Registered Historic Places in Clay County
- List of Registered Historic Places in Platte County
[edit] Bridges
[edit] Buildings proposed / under construction / envisioned
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1034 Main* | 40 | Envisioned | N/A | Office | |
| Convention Center Hotel* | 40 | Envisioned | 2011 | Hotel | |
| P&L District Housing 1 | 27-42 | Under Construction | 2008 | Residential | |
| 2800 Grand * | 26 | Envisioned | N/A | Office | |
| San Francisco Tower 2* | 26 | Proposed | N/A | Residential | |
| Union Hill Village Tower | 24 | Envisioned | N/A | Residential | |
| Alameda Tower 2 | 21 | Envisioned | N/A | Residential | |
| Block Realtors Tower | 20 | Proposed | N/A | Residential | |
| P&L District Housing 2 * | 18 | Proposed | N/A | Residential | |
| 9th and Jefferson * | 18 | Envisioned | N/A | Office | |
| Power and Light Condos | 18 | Under Construction | N/A | Residential | |
| 7th and Pennsylvania * | 17 | Envisioned | N/A | Office | |
| 1800 Broadway Condos | 17 | Proposed | N/A | Residential | |
| P&L District Housing 3 * | 17 | Proposed | N/A | Residential | |
| Tesla Building | 15 | Proposed | N/A | Office | |
| Wellington Place Tower 1 | 15 | Proposed | 2007 | Residential | |
| Wellington Place Tower 2 | 15 | Proposed | 2007 | Residential | |
| P&L District Housing 4 | 15 | Proposed | N/A | Residential | |
| Federal Reserve HQ | 14 | Under Construction | 2007 | Office | |
| American Century Expansion | 13 | Envisioned | N/A | Office | |
| Ameristar Casino Hotel Tower II | 13 | Proposed | N/A | Hotel | |
| 2700 Grand Twr 1 | 13 | Envisioned | N/A | Office | |
| 2700 Grand Twr 2 | 13 | Envisioned | N/A | Office | |
| 4646 Broadway | 13 | Under Construction | 2007 | Residential | |
| Promenade Place | 12 | Proposed | N/A | Office | |
| Union Station Office Tower | 12 | Proposed | N/A | Office | |
| Plaza West Tower II | 12 | Envisioned | N/A | Office | |
| 1800 Broadway Phase II | 12 | Envisioned | N/A | Residential | |
| The Drink | 10 | Proposed | 2008 | Residential | |
| P&L District Housing 5 * | 10 | Proposed | N/A | Residential | |
| 14th and Baltimore * | 10 | Envisioned | N/A | Office | |
| West Edge Office Tower | 10 | Under Construction | 2007 | Office | |
| H&R Block Tower II | 10 | Proposed | N/A | Office | |
| Copaken Tower | 10 | Envisioned | N/A | Office |
- Asterick-True heights not known, estimated from renderings
[edit] Recently completed buildings
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2555 Grand | 26 | 2003 | Office | |
| H&R Block Tower | 17 | 2006 | Office | |
| Kirkwood Circle | 13 | 2005 | Residential | |
| Plaza Colonnade | 10 | 2004 | Office |
[edit] Frank Lloyd Wright Buildings
Frank Lloyd Wright designed three buildings currently standing in the Kansas City area.
[edit] Community Christian Church
This Frank Lloyd Wright building sits across from the Country Club Plaza's main shopping district; it is located on Main at East 46th Street. In April 1940, the church came to Frank Lloyd Wright and asked him to design a new church building for them after their last building burned down. The design also had some features from his last building for the Johnson Wax Company, along with one additional unique feature planned for it: a spire of light.
This spire of light can be seen for miles around Kansas City, and even can be spotted 30 miles or more north of the Plaza, depending on conditions. It has been calculated to stop at least 3 miles up above the earth, about half the maximum height at which jet airplanes fly. The spire of light is one of the main features of the Plaza Lighting Ceremony; people can stand on the building's roof or balconies and overlook the Plaza and the light as they are all lit in unison. Unfortunately, Frank Lloyd Wright couldn't complete the Spire of Light due to conditions in the 1940s. In the late 20th century, the Spire of Light was finally completed and it is now lit regularly, mostly on holidays, some Fridays, and during the Plaza Lighting Ceremony.
[edit] External links
| The City of Kansas City |
 |
|---|---|
| History • Architecture • Downtown • Economy • Barbeque • Jazz • Fountains • Broadcast • Film • Neighborhoods • Metro Area • Sports |
